A deficiency in this micronutrient leads to neural tube defects and is recommended for women of child bearing age as part of preconception health
What is folate?
100
The ratio of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
What is maternal mortality?
100
In 1907, the First Bureau of Child Hygiene was established in this city
What is New York City?
100
This legislation, which was the first to provide grants to the states to establish preventive health programs for mothers and infants, was passed in 1921
What is the Sheppard-Towner Act/Maternity and Infancy Act?
200
These infants are more vulnerable to mortality, but if they survive their life courses can be relatively normal
What are premature infants?
200
The ACOG recommendation for number of prenatal visits for a normal low-risk woman
What is 13 (initial visit in first 6 weeks, once per month until 28th week, every 2 weeks until 36th week, and once a week thereafter)?
200
When these three risk factors are included, maternal mortality increases considerably
What are injury, drugs, and violence?
200
This president convened the first White House Conference on children in 1909
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?
200
Enacted as part of the Social Security Act of 1935, this program consists of four parts- MCH Services, Services for Crippled Children, Child Welfare Services, and Vocational Rehabilitation
What is Title V?
300
One of the four periods where there was little or no decline in infant mortality
What is the Great Depression/ the 1950's to mid 1960s/ the early 1980s/ 2002?
300
The percentage of births that take place in a hospital in the U.S.
What is 99%?
300
Two of the major causes for all US maternal deaths reported in 1997
What is hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy-induced hypertension, embolism, and infection?
300
This professional organization grew out of the debate within the AMA over the Sheppard-Towner Act
What is the American Academy of Pediatrics?
300
Contrary to previous legislation, grants through the special projects under Title V could be allocated to this type of institution
What are private, non-profit institutions?
400
The federal agency located within the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) that funds Title V, the national maternal and child block grant program.
What is the Maternal and Child Health Bureau?
400
The syndrome that is associated with the American Academy of Pediatrics "Back to Sleep" campaign.
What is SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)?
400
The black maternal death ratio has been this much higher than compared to the risk for whites since the 1940s.
What is threefold/fourfold?
400
This program, which was launched in 1965 to improve intellectual development of preschool children, had secondary benefits in increasing access to health services for these children
What is Head Start?
400
This is the income cut-off for Mediciaid eligibility for pregnant women and children up to the age of six according to the 1989 OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act)
What is 133% of the federal poverty level? (Though states were allowed to expand to 185%)
500
This program was established as Title XXI of the Social Security Act and provides medical coverage for uninsured children who do not qualify due to family income for Medicaid.
What is SCHIP (State Child Health Insurance Program)?
500
This program provides nutritional supplementation and education to over 40% of all newborns and their breastfeeding mothers.
What is WIC (Women, Infants & Children)?
500
For pregnant women, identification as this determines the nature of prenatal care and the delivery experience, as well as exposure to technological interventions, relationships with healthcare providers, and even the ability to maintain custody of infants
What is "high risk"?
500
This presidential administration oversaw the transition from categorical grants to block grants under Title V and Medicaid
What is the Reagan Administration?
500
The PREEMIE (Prematurity Research Expansion and Education for Mothers who Deliver Infants Early) Act of 2006 increased research on the causes of premature delivery at which organizations