Signs of Pregnancy
What are the three types of signs of pregnancy?
Presumptive, Probable, & Positive
What foods are high in Folate acid and Folic Acid?
How much is recommended?
Why is it important?
Folate Acid: leafy vegetables, dried peas, beans, and orange juice
Folic Acid: Breads, cereals, & other grains
Important to prevent Neural Tube Defects (NTDS), proper closure of the neural tube is required for normal function of the spinal cord
Childbearing age take 400mcg of follic acid if pregnant 600 mcg daily
What does GTPAL stand for?
G- Gravita
T- Term births-38 weeks
P-Preterm birth 37 weeks & under
A- Abortions/miscarriages- prior to viability under 25 weeks
L-Living Children
Which diagnostic involves confirming pregnancy, gestational age, fetal growth. Also, full bladder improves visualization
Ultrasound
What are the three hormones produced by the placenta and what do they do?
*hCG- maintains corpus luteum until placenta takes over
*Estrogen- promotes uterine growth and breast tissue development
*Progesterone-Maintains uterine linng and prevents contractions
What is presumptive and what are the signs of presumptive pregnancy?
* Not defintive diagnosis for pregnancy; symptoms could be from other underlying conditions*
* Signs: fatigue, enlarged & sore breasts, missing period, urinary frequency, nausea, vomiting, quickening (sensation of fetal movement)
Maternal Phenylketonuria (PKU) what is it and what foods to avoid?
Genetic diease in which the high levels of phenylalanine pose a danger to the fetus ( intellectual diablity, and behavioral)
It is important for clients to resume the PKU diet for at least 3 months prior to pregnancy and continue throughout pregnancy
Diet: Foods that are low in phenylalanine. Avoid PROTEIN ( fish, poultry, meat, eggs, nuts, & dairy products)
Aspartame, which contains phhenylalanine should be avoided by pregnant clients who have PKU
Clients blood phenylalanine levels are monitored during pregnancy.
A womens last menstural period began on May 7th,2025 and it ended on May 11th,2025. What is her Estimated Due Date?
Feburary 14th, 2026
What are the danger signs to report in pregnancy?
* Vaginal bleeding or leakage of fluid
*Severe headache, blurred vison, or epigastric pain
*Decreased fetal movement ( Daniels said I havent felt my baby move in a day is never good)
*Facial or hand swelling
*Persistent vomiting
*Signs of Infection (fever, chills)
What is probale signs of pregnancy and what are the signs?
All objective signs! Likely signs of pregnancy, still not definitive
Signs include: Positive pregnancy test, enlarged uterus or abdomen, Braxton-Hicks contractions( false contractions), Ballottment, Chadwicks Sign, Goodell's Sign, Hegar's Sign
What foods help absorb iron and which ones to avoid?
Iron: found in red meat, beans, leafy greens, and liver.
Absorption increased with vitamin c and decreased with milk or caffeine.
Patricia is 6 weeks pregnant. Her previous pregnancies reulted in the live birth of a daugther at 40 weeks of gestation, the live birth of a son at 38 weeks of gestation, and a spontaneous abortion at 10 weeks of gestation. Figure out GTPAL
Gravida- 4
Term-2
Preterm-0
Abortions/Miscarriages- 1
Living Children- 2
Which diagnostic fetal test is used for chromsomal abnormalites?
Amniocentesis
-Make asure to monitor after for leakage, bleeding, or infection
What are positive signs of pregnancy and the signs?
* Symptoms that can only be attributed to pregnancy
Signs include: Fetus visualized on ultrasound, Fetal Heart Rate, Delivery of baby, Fetal movement felt by the PROVIDER
What is the disorder called that is nonfood cravings for substances such as ice, clay, and laundry starch
Pica
Rochelle is 8 weeks pregnant her first day of her last menstrual cycle was Novemeber 28, 2024. Calcuate Estimated Due Date.
August 5th,2025
A nurse is caring for a client who is in preterm labor and is scheduled to undergo an amniocentesis. The nurse should evaluate which of the following tests to assess fetal lung maturity?
Lecithin/sphingomyelin(L/S) ratio
What is Ballottement?
Return impact of fetus when uterus pushed with finger