Module 2
When are you most concerned about teratogenic effects?
Embryonic Period
First 8 weeks
When are teratogen most harmful?
Within the first 8 week of gestation
What does amniotic do?
Promotes development of limbs
Cushions against impact
Provides stable temperature
Keep membrane from adhering to infant
Provides buoyancy for fetal movement
What does the placenta not protect from?
Opioids misuse
Alcohol
Nicotine
Virus can also pass through
When does the ductus arteriosis close?
As soon as baby starts to take in oxygen
When is the endometrium the thinnest?
Proliferative Phase
What is quickening?
When the first fetal movement is felt by the mother
How much amniotic fluid is there at term?
How does fetal circulation occur?
Two umbilical arteries care deoxygenated blood and waste to the placenta to transfer to the mother's blood
One umbilical vein carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to fetus
When does the ductus arteriosus close with a preterm baby?
May stay open for a little while
You would hear a murmur
As arterial oxygen arises this would close
What does progesterone do?
Helps build the endometrium
When does quickening happen?
around 16-20 weeks
What are the metabolic functions of the placenta?
Produces nutrients needed for the embryo and for its own functions
What are the three shunts open during delivery and are supposed to close after?
Ductus venosus
Foramen Ovale
Ductus Arteriosus
What is lightning?
When the baby drops into the pelvic cavity
Normally by 40 weeks
What happens when the lose progesterone?
The lining breaks down and causes menstruation
What is happening around weeks 21-24?
They don't have enough surfactant to breath
They will need to be intubated and started on surfactant therapy
What are the transfer functions of the placenta?
Provides gas exchange
Nutrient's transfer
Waste removal
Antibody transfer
When does the ductus venosus close?
As soon as the umbilical cord is clamped it starts to close
May take a couple weeks
How is fundal height measured?
Measured in cm
It is supposed to equal the gestational age of the fetus in weeks
Measured from the top of the symphysis pubic bone to the top of the fundus
What happens during the 4th week of gestation?
Neural tube completes
What happens in weeks 25-28?
Subcutaneous fat is deposited which helps babies keep in their heat
Babies are more likely to survive if they are born after week 24 because of the subcutaneous fat
What are the endocrine functions of the placenta?
Production of hormones
Estrogen and progesterone
Where is the foramen Ovale located, and when does it close?
Should close after delivery
How can a mother tell if her contractions are real?
Start at fundus and pull down causing the cervix to open