Pregnancy
What is one positive sign of pregnancy?
A. Fetal heart sounds
B. Visualization of fetus by ultrasound
C. Fetal movement
Name a postpartum mental health disorder:
1. Postpartum blues
2. Postpartum depression
3. Postpartum psychosis
p. 153 of ATI
What is the term for the deliberate initiation of uterine contractions to stimulate labor before spontaneous onset to bring about the birth by chemical or mechanical means?
Induction of Labor
What vaccine is given to newborns?
Hepatitis B
Name one congenital anomoly a newborn can be born with.
1. Cleft lip/palate
2. Phenylketonuria
3. Hypothyroidism
4. Galactosemia
5. Neurologic anomolies
6. CHD (congenital heart disease)
and more... ATI p. 202
What does the GTPAL acronym stand for?
Gravidity
Term births
Preterm births
Abortions/miscarriages
Living children
What is mastitis?
An infection of the breast incolcing the interlobular connective tissue and is usually unilateral. Can progress to an abscess if left untreated.
What is Pitocin used for during labor and delivery?
To induce or augment the client's contractions.
Following birth, what time intervals are a newborn's APGAR scores assigned?
It is assigned at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes of extrauterine life.
A nurse is reviewing car seat safety with the parents of a newborn. What should the nurse's teaching include?
The nurse should instruct the parents of a newborn to restrain the newborn in a car seat in a rear-facing position in the back seat until 2 years of age.
Name two common discomforts of pregnancy:
1. Nausea and vomiting
2. Breast tenderness
3. Urinary frequency
4. UTIs
5. Fatigue
6. Heartburn
And more... on p. 26 of ATI
What is the diagnostic criteria for a postpartum hemorrhage?
A cumulative blood loss of 1,000 mL or greater, or blood loss with findings of hypovolemia within 24 hours following any type of birth.
What is one indication for an episiotomy?
1. Shorten the second stage of labor
2. Facilitate an operative vaginal birth
3. Prevent cerebral hemorrhage in a fragile preterm fetus
4. Facilitate birth of a macrosomic (large) infant
ATI p. 105
What is a cephalohematoma?
A collection of blood between the periosteum and the skil bone that it covers. It does not cross the suture line. It results from trauma during birth, such as pressure of the fetal head against maternal pelvis during delivery or when forceps are used.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a postpartum client following a vaginal birth with a fouth-degree laceration. The client reports leaking urine every time they sneeze or cough. What intervention should the nurse suggest?
The nurse should recommend performing Kegel exercises because they consist of voluntary contraction and relaxation of the pubococcygeus muscle to strengthen the pelvic muscle, thus decreasing urinary stress incontence.
What risk factors can affect adequate nutrition during pregnancy?
1. Age
2. Culture
3. Socioeconomic issues
4. Vegetarian diet
and more... p. 30 of ATI
When can a postpartum patient safely resume sexual intervourse?
Clients can safely resume sexual intercourse by the second to fourth week after birth, when bleeding has stopped and the perineum has healed.
Name 2 nonpharmacological pain management measures that may be used during labor
1. Hypnosis 8. Applying heat/cold
2. Biofeedback 9. Acupressure
3. Childbirth education 10. Position changes
4. Aroma therapy p. 84 in ATI
5. Music
6. Walking
7. Rocking
What is one health benefit of a circumcision?
1. Easier hygiene
2. Decreased risk of STIs
3. Decreased risk of penile cancer and cervical cancer in female partners
ATI p. 170
The nurse is assessing a postpartum client for fundal height, location, and consistency. The fundus is noted to be displaced laterally to the right, and there is uterine atony. The nurse should identify this as what condition causing the atony?
Urinary retention: a distended bladder can cause uterine atony and lateral displacement from the midline.
Why would a nonstress test be conducted on a pregnant patient?
1. Assessing for an intact fetal CNS during the 3rd trimester.
2. Ruling out the risk for fetal death in clients who have DM. Used twice a weeks tarting at 28 to 32 weeks of gestation.
p. 35 in ATI
What are two risk factors for uterine atony?
1. Retained placental fragments
2. Prolonged or precipitous labor
3. Oxytocin induction or augmentation of labor
4. Anesthesia and analgesia administration
5. Trauma during labor and birth from operative delivery
and more... p. 142 in ATI
What are the 5 P's of labor?
1. Passenger
2. Passageway
3. Powers
4. Position
5. Psychologic response
A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse how to bathe a newborn and observes a bluish brown marking across the newborn's lower back. What is this marking?
It is a Mongolian spot. It is commonly found over the lumbosacral area of newborns who have dark skin and can be linked to genetics. Generally considered to be a benign birthmark.
What education should a nurse provide to a patient who is 2 hours postpartum with a perineal laceration?
1. Use a perineal squeeze bottle filled with warm water to cleanse the perineum and promote healing.
2. The application of a topical anesthetic cream or spray to the perineum will promote comfort.
3. The application of cold or ice packs to the perineum will promote comfort and decreased swelling.