3, 5, 17, 257, 65537 are these, but Euler showed that 4294967297 is not a prime. Numbers of the form
2^(2^n) + 1
What is a Fermat Prime?
100
Peano continuously destroyed our ideas of dimension with this function, assigning a single number to every point in the plane and space.
What is the Space Filling Curve?
100
If you invested 1 dollar for a year at 100% interest, compounded continuously, you would have this number between 2 and 3.
What is e (Eulers Number)?
100
Ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician from around 400 AD known for surpassing her peers in literature and science; she was murdered from involvement in politics.
Who is Hypatia of Alexandria?
100
`` This is not mathematics, this this Theology``
Who is Paul Gordan?
200
Pairs of these primes are related to each other, much like twin primes. Primes of the form P, P+4
What are Cousin Primes?
200
This function has a fractal-esque way to be continuous, but not differentiable, defying the intuition of analysts.
What is the Weierstrass Function?
200
If a and b are relatively prime integers, then
a^(f(b)) = 1 (Mod b)
for this function, f.
What is Eulers Totient Function? (Eulers Theorem)
200
In the late 1700s, this woman donned the pseudonym Monsieur Antoine-August Le Blanc in her letters to Lagrange and Gauss, in fear of ``The ridicule attached to a female scientist``
Who Is Sophie Germain?
200
``Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all. ``
Who is Pierre-Simone Laplace
300
The largest known prime to date is
2^(57,885,161) − 1
an example of these primes.
What is a Mersenne Prime?
300
With Choice, this theorem disassembles a sphere into 5 pieces and, with just translations and rotations, reassembles two spheres of the original size.
What is the Banach Tarski Paradox?
300
This identity, sometimes called the most beautiful theorem of math, relates the fundamental constants 0, 1, pi, e, and the complex number i.
What is Eulers Identity?
300
This 20th century mathematician showed the undecidability of the rational numbers and contributed to the solution of Hilbert`s 10th Problem in the negative.
Who is Julia Robinson?
300
"If people do not believe that mathematics is simple, it is only because they do not realize how complicated life is."
Who is John von Neumann?
400
Although 57 is not prime, it is jokingly referred to as a Prime of this fields medalist from Bourbaki.
What is a Grothendieck Prime?
400
Connectedness need not imply local connectedness nor path connectedness, as displayed by this, the graph of sin(1/x)
What is the Topologists Sine Curve?
400
Euler found a proof of the infinitude of primes by expressing the infinite series of the Zeta function differently, with this formula.
What is the Euler Product Formula?
400
She made landmark contributions to mathematics with her theorems of symmetry in physics and reorganization of algebra, though she was only hired late in her life at an all woman's college.
Who is Emmy Noether?
400
`` If the aliens demanded the Ramsey number for red six and blue six, however, we would have no choice but to launch a preemptive attack.``
Who is Paul Erdős?
500
Yitang Zhang originally proved the bounded gaps conjecture in 2013 for some prime less than this large upper bound.
What is 70,000,000?
500
If every subset of the real numbers is measurable, this axiom finds an infinite measure subset of the unit interval.
What is the Axiom of Choice?
500
In connections to the study of the Tautochrone problem, This equation, a joint effort, began the study of Calculus of Variations.
What is the Euler-Lagrange Equation
500
The first woman awarded a Fields Medal in 2014 for her contributions to dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces.
Who is Maryam Mirzakhani?
500
``Chess problems are the hymn-tunes of mathematics.``