x^2−9
(x−3)(x+3)
x^3+3x^2−x−3
=(x+3)(x−1)(x+1)
x4−16
(x−2)(x+2)(x^2+4)
x^6−64y^6
(x−2y)(x+2y)(x^2+2xy+4y^2)(x^2−2xy+4y^2)
x^6+x^3+1
(x^2+x+1)(x^4−x^2+1)