Classifying Matter
Has mass and takes up space (volume)
What is matter?
What is an atom?
Atoms and molecules are closely locked in place forming a pattern (reduces energy) and only vibrate.
What is a solid?
1. Matter is neither created nor destroyed.
2. Total mass of the reactants = total mass of the products.
3. All atoms present in the reactants are also present in the products.
What is the Law of Conservation of Matter?
Uniform throughout, evenly mixed, not visually distinguished or different. A solution is a type of this that is one substance dissolved into another and is uniform throughout.
Example: Iced Tea
What is a homogeneous mixture?
1. Simplest pure substance.
2. Can't be broken apart.
3. Made of one type of atom.
4. Found on the Periodic Table.
5. One element = one capital letter.
What is an element?
What is the nucleus?
Atoms and molecules can collide and move past each other.
What are liquids?
Substances at the start of a reaction.
What are reactants?
Not uniform throughout or evenly mixed and the different substances are easily seen,
Example: Tossed Salad
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
1. Made of 2 or more elements.
2. Combine in different ways to form different ones.
3. Chemically combined and separated.
4. Element's properties are different than their properties because bonds are broken and rearranged.
5. Element's arrangement determines their properties.
6. Always combine in fixed ratios.
What are compounds?
1. Made up of atoms.
2. Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
What is an element?
Atoms and molecules move independently, collide frequently and randomly with each other and objects and the distance between atoms and molecules is greater.
What are gases?
Substances produced at end of reaction.
What are products?
Group 1 on the Periodic Table that contains elements that are metals and react vigorously and violently with water (MOST reactive metals). They combine with Group 17 Halogens to form salts, have 1 electron in their outer shell (very eager to get rid of it or get 7 more), do not occur in nature in pure form because they are unstable and would react faster (only found in compounds in nature).
What are Alkali Metals?
Has specific relationship between elements in a compound and the same compounds will always have the same ratio.
Examples:
Salt NaCl ratio=1:1
Water H2O ratio=2:1
Ammonia NH3 ratio=1:3
What is fixed ratio?
Elements that are shiny, malleable, ductile and able to conduct heat & electricity.
What are metals?
Chemical composition does not change, no bonds are broken or rearranged, and the identity remains the same.
What is a physical change?
Reaction with no escape for substances.
Reactant Mass = Product Mass
What is Closed System?
Elements that are metals and react with water, the second most reactive metal group, and have 2 electrons in their outer shell that they want to get rid of.
What are Alkali Earth Metals?
Has 2 or more substances that keep individual properties that can be physically combined and separated.
What is a mixture?
Elements in Groups 13-16, touching the bold, zigzag line, hold some properties of metals and non-metals.
What are metalloids?
Chemical reaction that forms different substance because bonds between elements are broken and rearranged causing new properties and change of composition.
What is a chemical change?
Reaction where some of the products escape.
Reactant Mass = Product Mass + Gas
What is Open System?
Chemical change where energy is absorbed.
What is an endothermic reaction?