States of Matter
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, Liquid and Gas
What is all matter made out of?
Atoms
Which state has a fixed volume and shape?
Solid
All matter can be classified as either pure substances or __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Mixtures
What is the name given to type of substance which consists of only one type of atom?
An element
What is the process called when a liquid turns into a gas?
Evaporation
Is oxygen (O2) an element or a compound? Explain Why?
Element
What state am I in if I have a fixed volume, but no fixed shape?
Liquid state since the volume of a liquid remains the same, but the shape will take that of the container that the liquid is placed in.
Compounds
What is the name given to the process where elements and compounds change into new elements and compounds.
For example:
Mg+2HCl→MgCl2+H2
A chemical reaction
What must be either added or removed to cause a substance to change its state?
Heat Energy
Is H20 an element or compound? Explain why?
Compound, because each molecule consists of two or more elements bonded together
Given a metal coin with a density of 7.8 g/cm³ and oil with a density of 0.8 g/cm³, which one will float on water which has a density of 1.0g/cm³. Explain why?
The oil will float on water because its density (0.8 g/cm³) is less than the density of water (1.0 g/cm³). This means it has less mass per unit volume compared to water. The metal coin, with a higher density (7.8 g/cm³), will sink because it is denser than water. Density determines whether an object will float or sink in a fluid.
What are the two types of mixtures?
Homogenous or Heterogenous
What is the name of the process of when a solid turns into a gas without going through the liquid phase?
Sublimation
What is the fourth state of matter?
Plasma
What is the name of the chart that shows all known elements and is organised by their known properties?
The periodic table
Which of the following would be a liquid at 20°C
Mercury has a melting point of −38.83°C and a boiling point of 356.73°C
Gallium has a melting point of 29.76°C and a boiling point of 2204°C
Mercury as Gallium is still a solid at 20°C since it will need to be heated to 29.76°C to melt.
Provide a real life example of a heterogenous mixture?
Coke, Dirt, mixed lollies, salad etc
Explain how the particles in a liquid differ from those in a solid.
In a liquid, the particles are more loosely packed than in a solid, allowing them to move past each other, which gives liquids a definite volume but no fixed shape. In a solid, the particles are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement, giving it a definite shape and volume.
Describe the process of condensation and provide an example.
Condensation is the process where gas changes into a liquid. This occurs when gas particles lose energy and move closer together. An example is water vapour in the air condensing into liquid water on a cold surface, like a glass of ice water.
Using an example, explain why a molecule is?
A molecule is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that retains its chemical properties. It consists of two or more atoms bonded together in a fixed ratio. For example, CO2 (carbon dioxide) is a molecule composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Describe what happens to the atoms of a beaker of water when it is heated to its boiling point?
When a beaker of water is heated to its boiling point, the water molecules gain energy and move faster. This increased movement allows them to overcome the forces holding them together in the liquid. Eventually, they break free and become a gas, forming steam.
Give an example of a homogeneous mixture and explain why it is considered homogeneous.
Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture because the salt is evenly dissolved throughout the water, making the composition uniform throughout.
What is the name of the chemical substances that we start a chemical reactions with?
The reactants