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Vocabulary
Matter
Atmosphere
Energy
Energy Transformation
100
What is thermal energy?
- energy associated with heat (It's the internal energy in substances).
100
What are the four states of matter?
1) Gas 2) Liquid 3) Solid 4) Plasma
100
What process is this called: When a solid changes to a liquid state especially by the application of heat
melting
100
What do the flattened parts in a graph represent?
phase changes
100
At which point on the pendulum - does it have its' maximum potential energy?
At the highest point
200
What is kinetic energy?
Energy an object has because of its motion - (It is the motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, and substances).
200
When do atoms or molecules have the lowest amount of energy? A) Gas B) Solid C) Liquid D) Plasma
B) Solid
200
What is a change in phase in the atmosphere that occurs when substances change from a liquid to a gaseous, or vapor, form?
evaporation OR vaporization
200
What state of matter would take the shape of a round container and remain inside the container - if the lid was removed? A) Solid B) Plasma C) Gas D) Liquid
D) Liquid
200
At which point on the pendulum -- does it have its' maximum kinetic energy?
At the lowest point
300
What is potential energy?
stored energy and the energy of position (gravitational)
300
What has a fixed volume and a fixed shape? A) Gas B) Solid C) Liquid D) Plasma
B) Solid ***Plus, the particles are very close together.
300
What is the conversion of a vapor or gas to a liquid?
condensation
300
What would happen to the particle arrangement & change in kinetic energy if molten steel --- became completely solid? *Hint: KE > increase or decrease Particle distance > increase or decrease
- Decrease = average kinetic energy & decrease in average distance between particles
300
If you are standing on top of a hill --- what type of energy are you demonstrating?
Gravitational (potential) energy
400
What is nuclear energy?
The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. (It is the energy that holds the nucleus together).
400
What doesn't have a shape, but it can flow? A) Gas B) Solid C) Liquid D) Plasma
C) Liquid ***which also has a constant volume & the particles are less close together than a solid.
400
What is this process called when you change the state of matter from a liquid to solid? Example ----- when you put some water (liquid) in the refrigerator, the results are it would become ice (solid).
solidification
400
What happens to water molecules during phase changes? A - Energy is released by the water molecules B - Energy is transferred by the water molecules C - Energy is absorbed by the water molecules
C) --- Energy is absorbed by the water molecules during phase changes
400
If you are walking up a mountain - what energy transformations are taking place?
Kinetic energy is being converted into potential energy Kinetic energy = at a maximum > bottom of mountain Potential energy = at a maximum > top of mountain
500
What is chemical energy?
Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. Examples: biomass, petroleum, natural gas, propane, and coal
500
What doesn't have a fixed volume, or a fixed shape? A) Gas B) Solid C) Liquid D) Plasma
A) Gas ***Gases can expand - and the particles are far apart from each other.
500
What is the process by which a substance goes directly from the solid to the gaseous state without passing through the liquid state?
sublimation ---- Example: CO2 - sublimates at 78 * Celsius (Below the freezing point of water - ice & snow sublimates)
500
What energy transformations occur when gasoline is burned? ***Gasoline is an example of a chemical reaction.
Chemical energy is converted into thermal energy, which is absorbed. Chemical energy -----> Thermal energy (absorbed)
500
A hydroelectric plant produces electrical power from the flow of water through a Powerplant. What energy transformations occur when the water flows through the penstock towards the turbine & forces the turbine to spin which causes the generator to spin?
Kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy which is converted into electrical energy. Kinetic Energy ---> Mechanical energy --->Electrical energy