Particle Movement
What happens to particles when matter is heated?
What is a phase change?
A change from one state of matter to another.
What scale do scientists use to measure temperature?
The Celsius scale.
What is the typical response of materials to heating?
Expansion.
What is the density relationship between liquid water and solid water?
Liquid water is denser than solid water (ice)
How does cooling matter affect the movement of particles?
Particles move slower
Does the mass of a substance change during a phase change?
No, the mass remains constant.
What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius scale?
0°C.
What happens to materials when they are cooled?
They contract
Hypothesize what would happen to aquatic life if ice were denser than water.
Ice would sink, potentially trapping aquatic life below.
Describe the relationship between particle movement and temperature in degrees Celsius.
As temperature increases, particles move faster; as temperature decreases, particles move slower
Liquid to Solid
Freezing
How does a liquid thermometer measure temperature?
It uses the expansion or contraction of liquid in response to temperature changes.
Why is water's behavior upon freezing unusual compared to most substances?
Solid water (ice) has a greater volume and is less dense than liquid water.
Describe how the expansion of water can affect infrastructure like sidewalks and bridges.
Expansion can cause cracking or buckling if not properly accounted for in design.
What happens to the attractive forces between particles when they are heated?
The attractive forces weaken.
Why is the volume of matter affected during a phase change?
Because the arrangement and movement of particles change.
What are the boiling and freezing points of water in degrees Celsius?
Freezing point is 0°C, boiling point is 100°C.
What is one implication of water's unusual property for aquatic life?
Ice forms an insulating layer, protecting aquatic life beneath it.
What is one safety practice when measuring temperature?
Always handle thermometers carefully to avoid breakage.
How does the space between particles change when matter is heated?
The space between particles increases.
Describe how you would conduct an experiment to show that mass remains the same after a phase change.
Measure the mass before and after a phase change, ensuring it stays constant.
How can the expansion and contraction of matter be used in designing temperature measurement tools?
By creating tools that respond to temperature changes, expanding or contracting to indicate temperature.
Explain why consideration of expansion and contraction is important in construction.
To prevent structural damage due to temperature changes affecting materials.
Explain the significance of the melting/freezing and boiling points of water in the context of the Celsius scale.
They define key reference points for measuring temperature and understanding phase changes.