Particle Movement
What happens to particles when matter is heated?
Describe the phase change of freezing.
Liquid to solid
What scale do scientists use to measure temperature?
The Celsius or Fahrenheit scale.
What is the typical response of materials to heating?
Expansion.
Which state of matter is electrically charged and can move in any direction?
Plasma
How does cooling matter affect the movement of particles?
Particles move slower
Describe the phase change of evaporation
Liquid to gas
What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius scale?
0°C.
What happens to materials when they are cooled?
They contract
Describe the properties of a solid. List 2
Tightly packed, fixed shape and volume, vibrate in place
Describe the relationship between particle movement and temperature in degrees Celsius.
As temperature increases, particles move faster; as temperature decreases, particles move slower
Describe the phase change of condensing (condensation)
Gas to liquid
How does a liquid thermometer measure temperature?
It uses the expansion of liquid in response to temperature changes.
Why is water's behavior upon freezing unusual compared to most substances?
Solid water (ice) has a greater volume and is less dense than liquid water.
Describe how the expansion of water can affect infrastructure like sidewalks and bridges.
Expansion can cause cracking or buckling if not properly accounted for in design.
What happens to the attractive forces between particles when they are heated?
The attractive forces weaken.
Describe the phase change of sublimation.
Solid to a Gas
What are the boiling and freezing points of water in degrees Celsius?
Freezing point is 0°C, boiling point is 100°C.
How does the fact that ice floats help fish and other aquatic life survive the winter?
The floating ice acts as an insulating blanket on top of the water, preventing the rest of the lake or pond from freezing solid so that aquatic life can survive underneath.
Hypothesize what would happen to aquatic life if ice were denser than water.
Ice would sink, potentially trapping aquatic life below.
How does the space between particles change when matter is heated?
The space between particles increases.
Describe the phase change of deposition.
Gas to solid
How can the expansion and contraction of matter be used in designing temperature measurement tools?
By creating tools that respond to temperature changes, expanding or contracting to indicate temperature.
Explain why consideration of expansion and contraction is important in construction.
To prevent structural damage due to temperature changes affecting materials.
Does the mass of a substance change during a phase change?
No, the mass remains constant.