classify matter
Tin, Sulfur, Diamond, Water, Pure Sugar, Salt, and Baking Soda are Examples of...
Pure Substance
Describe the 3 states of matter.
GAS- no definite shape or volume
LIQUID- definite volume, not a definite shape
SOLID- definite shape and volume
What is a property and what are the properties of matter?
PROPERTIES - something that describes matter
chemical properties and physical properties
What is a reactant, product, exothermic, and endothermic?
REACTANT - the starting materials in a chemical reaction
PRODUCT - the substances produced by a chemical reaction
EXOTHERMIC - chemical reaction that release energy
ENDOTHERMIC - chemical reactions that absorb energy
Compare and Contrast distillation and filtration
Distillation separated materials based on their boiling point while filtration separates materials based on the size of their particle.
Compare and Contrast elements and compounds.
Element is a substance that can NOT be broken into anything smaller while a compound is a substance made up of two or more elements.
What is the kinetic energy
All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles
What is the difference between Chemical Properties and Physical Properties?
Chemical properties describes the way a substance reacts when it changes. Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
What is the definition of chemical change
When a substance changes into one or more new substances
What are things that AREN'T matter and why?
light, sound, electricity, feelings, etc..
They aren't matter because matter is something that has mass and volume like anything you can touch or hold.
Classify and Define different types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous- mostly solid substances that are not mixed well
Immiscible- two or more liquids that do NOT mix well
Homogeneous- substances that ARE mixed well
Miscible- two or more liquids that mix well
Compare and contrast the three states of matter
GAS - no definite shape or volume
LIQUID - definite volume but not a definite shape
SOLID - has definite shape and volume
Ability of a solid to be hammered or shaped without shattering is an example of what?
Malleability
name 6 examples of physical change
breaking glass, mixing candles, shredding papers, folding paper, melting ice, chopping wood, etc...
A block of steel occupies a volume of 15.0 mL and weighs 120.75 g. What is its density?
120.75/15= 8.05
8.05g/mL
What mixture contains small and large particles and can't be filtered or separated?
Colloid
Explain the different phase changes in detail
MELTING - solid to liquid, energy must be added
EVAPOrATION - liquid to gas, energy must be added
DEPOSITION - gas to solid, energy must be taken away
SUBLIMATION - solid to gas, energy must be added
CONDENSATION - gas to liquid, energy must be taken away
FREEZING - liquid to solid, energy must be taken away
A substance with low density or high density is to be...
Light or Heavy.
Compare and Contrast signs that a chemical or physical change is happening
PHYSICAL - shape has changed, color was changed by someone, texture changed, dissolving, phase changes
CHEMICAL - color change, odor change, release of heat, gas is created, formation of precipitate
Solids vibrate, but the motion of a liquid could be described as the particles _________________ past each other.
Solids vibrate, but the motion of a liquid could be described as the particles sliding past each other
Give five examples each for solution, suspension, and colloid
SOLUTION - coca - cola, tea, perfume, salt water, sugar and milk, lemon juice, vinegar, etc...
SUSPENSION - sandy water, Italian dressing, oil and water, milk and coke, hot chocolate, microwaved milk, etc...
COLLOID - whipped cream, cottage cheese, chocolate milk, mayonnaise, ice cream, etc...
What are the two different types of "Laws of Conservation" and what does it mean?
Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass cannot be created or destroyed, after a chemical or physical change, mass is always the same.
Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, after a chemical or physical change, energy is always the same.
Explain each kind of physical property and its definition.
Conductivity - Material's ability to allow heat to flow
Viscosity - The tendency of a liquid to resist flowing
Malleability - Ability of a solid to be hammered or shaped without shattering
Hardness - Determines which is harder based on which scratches the other
Density - The mass per unit volume of a substance
How can you differentiate chemical and physical change?
A physical change is when there is a change in the physical appearance/state that can sometimes be reversible. A chemical change is when there is a change with new substances involved, a chemical change however can not be reversible.
A rectangular block of copper metal weighs 5896 g. The dimensions of the block are 13.4 cm by 10.5 cm by 8.6 cm. From this data, what is the density of copper?
13.4 x 10.5 x 8.6 = 1227.54 cm³
5896 / 1227.54
= 4.799 g/cm³