Classifying Matter
What is matter?
Matter is anything with mass and volume (can be held or touched).
What are the three classifications of mixtures?
Solutions, colloids, and suspensions
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What are the two types of properties matter can have and the difference between them?
Chemical property being the way a substance reacts when it changes, and physical properties that are observed with no substance change.
What is the start and end product of a chemical change.
A reactant, and a product.
And what of the following is NOT matter? DNA, toothpaste, energy, or a bush?
Energy
What is the definition of a solution? What is an example?
Substances that can dissolve into a homogenous mixture. An example would be orange juice (w/out pulp), tea, kool-aid...
What is kinetic theory?
All matter is made up of atoms and molecules that are always in motion. The higher the temperature the faster the particles move.
What are the four MAIN examples of physical property?
Conductivity, viscosity, malleability, hardness, and denisty.
Does exothermic release or absorb energy?
Releases energy. Endothermic absorbs energy.
What are the two classifications of matter, under pure substances?
Elements, and compounds.
What is the definition of a colloid? What is an example?
Contains particles of intermidete size that cannot be filltiried out, "thick". Examples would be jelly, paint smoke or fog...
What are the particle movements of each state of matter?
Solid: Particles are rigid with little movement, definite shape and volume. Liquid: Definite volume, no definite shape with particles moving freely. Gas: No definite shape or volume, particles moving very fast and spread apart.
What are examples of chemical properties?
Flammability, heat of combustion, Ph level, ability to oxidize, toxicity, etc...
What is a chemical change?
When a substance changes from one substance into one or more new substances. Like a color change, odor change, release of heat, gas is created etc...
What is the difference between elements and compounds?
An element cannot be broken down into anything smaller than an atom, and a compound is made up of two or more elements with different properties.
What is the definition of a suspension? What is an example?
Seperates into layers over time. Like oil and water, ialian dressing, and sandy water...
Define phase change.
Going from a solid to liquid to gas and back, WITHOUT changing the composition or mass.
Define the five main physical properties.
Conductivity: material allowing heat to flow. Viscosity: liquid resisting a flow. Malleability: a solid being shaped without being shattered. Hardness: how hard an object is based on what scratches it. Density: how heavy an object is.
What is physical change?
When a substance appearance changes but the atoms are NOT changed. Shape has changed, color was changed by someone, texture change, dissolving, etc...
What are the four types of mixtures? Give an example for each.
Heterogeneous (solids do NOT mix well) like beach sand, Immiscible (liquids do NOT mix well) like oil and water, Homogeneous (solids do mix well) like coco-cola, and Miscible (liquids mix well) like hot chocolate.
What are the two ways to separate mixtures and how do they work?
Distillation, separating materials based on the boiling point and filtration, separating materials based on the size of their particles.
Name the six main phase changes and weather or not energy is added or taken away.
Melting, solid to liquid adding energy. Evaporation, liquid to gas with energy added. Deposition, gas to solid with energy taken away. Sublimation, solid to gas, energy added. Condensation, gas to liquid, energy taken away, and freezing, liquid to solid, energy taken away.
Density equation and how it works.
Mass divided by volume of the object is the density. If it is over one it will sink in water, if it is under one it will float in water.
What is an example of a chemical and physical change?