Foot and Ankle Injections
This corticosteroid injection is commonly used to treat plantar fasciitis when conservative measures fail.
What is methylprednisolone (or triamcinolone)?
The most common bacterial cause of cellulitis.
What is Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species?
Severe hypertension as defined by AHA.
Extra: Severe hypertension was formerly given this diagnosis.
What is systolic >180 and/or diastolic >110-120?
Extra: What is hypertensive urgency?
This vitamin deficiency, which can cause anemia and neurologic impairment, is among the most common after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and should be monitored regularly.
What is Vitamin B12 deficiency?
Diagnosis given for inflammation or infection of the hair follicle.
What is folliculitis?
The most appropriate anatomical site for a corticosteroid injection to treat Morton’s neuroma is this foot location.
What is the intermetatarsal space (between the metatarsal heads)?
Best initial diagnositc test to distinguish abscess from cellulitis in cases of uncertain clinical presentation.
What is ultrasound?
This is recommended as initial management strategy for most patients with severe hypertension in the outpatient setting.
What is oral antihypertensive medication adjustment and close outpatient follow-up?
The importance of screening for this mineral deficiency that can lead to osteoporosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients after metabolic surgery.
What is calcium or Vitamin D deficiency?
Most commonly performed minimally invasive cosmetic procedure in US
What is Botulinum toxin injection?
Before performing any foot or ankle injection, this important step helps reduce injection-related complications.
What is aspiration to check for blood (to avoid intravascular injection)?
This rapid progression skin infection requires immediate surgical consultation, often evidenced by pain out of proportion and systemic toxicity.
What is necrotizing fascitis?
The length of rest period that is recommended between inital BP readings are markedly elevated in asymptomatic patients without new or worsening target organ damage.
What is 30 minutes?
his medication class should generally be avoided or used with caution after metabolic surgery due to increased risk of ulceration at the gastrojejunal anastomosis.
What are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
The cornea physical exam finding noted in Wilson's disease.
What is Kayser-Fleisher rings?
This nerve block can be performed with a single injection at the midpoint between the medial and lateral malleoli, just anterior to the Achilles tendon.
What is the posterior tibial nerve block?
This antibiotic class should be reserved for skin infections with purulent drainage or systemic symptoms.
Bonus: The bacteria being treated.
What is oral tetracyclines (or clindamycin or TMP-SMX)?
Bonus: What is MRSA?
This treatment style is discouraged as it is associated with increase acute kidney injury, MI, stroke and death.
What is use of as needed medications as compared to scheduled antihypertensives?
Patients are at increased risk for this potentially life-threatening condition caused by rapid delivery of carbohydrates into the small intestine, leading to symptoms like nausea, diarrhea, and tachycardia.
What is dumping syndrome?
The 3 vaccines that are contraindicated in adults 19 or older with HIV and a CD4 count <200.
What is influenza-live attenuated, Varicella, MMR?
Proper technique for a first metatarsophalangeal joint injection involves directing the needle at this specific angle relative to the dorsal surface, to avoid injury to the articular cartilage and structures.
What is a 45-degree angle (or "directed dorsomedially or dorsolaterally at 45 degrees to the dorsal surface")?
This risk factor increases the likelihood that nonpurulent cellulitis is cause by Beta hemolytic streptococci rather than Staphylococcus aureus, guiding empirical antibiotic choice.
What is lymphatic compromise (such as after lymph node dissection or chronic lymphedema)?
These patients should be screened for secondary hypertension. (List at least 2)
What is adults younger than 30 with persistent bp elevation or inadequate response to treatment?
What is older patients previously controlled hypertension despite optimal therapy and adherence?
What are patients with premature target organ damage?
Family physicians should monitor for this late complication, which may present months to years after metabolic surgery with subtle symptoms like recurrent kidney stones, bone pain, or fractures, and is best detected by measuring parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels.
What is secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic calcium and vitamin D malabsorption?
The benign condition caused by chronic absorption of silver, typically seen with ingestions of collodial silver as a homeopathic remedy.
What is argyria?