Microbes
Living organisms too small to be seen by the naked eye
What are microbes
A process involving the breakdown of glucose to yield pyruvic acid, 2 NET ATP, and 2 NADH
What is glycolysis?
A microorganism whose cellular components are damaged by the presence of oxygen
What are strict anaerobes?
noncellular entities that hijack a host cell's replication machinery
What is virus/virion?
DNA -> RNA -> Polypeptide
What is the central dogma of biology?
A supportive structure formed by parallel disaccharide chains with amino acid bridges
What is peptidoglycan?
A rotary membrane protein that phosphorylates ADP using energy from the proton motive force
What is ATP synthase?
Media that does not have an exact composition due to enrichment with serums, bloods, or extracts
What is complex media?
A tailed virus that infects bacteria
What is bacteriophage?
A group of adjacent genes that share a single promotor
What is an operon?
Proved that spoilage results from microbes and not exposure to oxygen
What is the swan-necked flask experiment?
A process involving the intake of carbon dioxide to yield accessible organic products
What is carbon fixation?
microbes that only grow at high pressure
What are barophiles?
viral replication method with a dormant provirus/prophage
What is lysogeny?
Facilitates transcription initiation
What is the sigma factor?
A 4 step procedure to determine if a particular microorganism is the causative agent of a disease
What are Koch's Postulates?
Energy is obtained by chemical reactions involving a inorganic electron donor
What is chemolithotrophy?
Microbes that only grow at temperatures below 15 celsius
What are psychrophiles?
A form of viral replication where new virions slowly emerge from the host cell without causing lysis
What is budding?
A population threshold that must be reached before certain genes can be expressed
What is quorum?
a fluorescent chemical compound that can absorb photons and emit fluorescence
an "entry" component of the electron transport chain that collects electrons from a donor/carrier
What is substrate-oxidoreductase?
Bacterial community encased in a polysaccharide matrix
What are biofilms?
a defense mechanism involving repetitive DNA that bacteria use against viral infection
What is CRISPR?
A mobile DNA segment that can be removed and reinserted into a different region of the genome
What is a transposable element?