Anatomy/Physiology
What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Calcaneus (via Achilles tendon)
Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
Sagittal
What is the medical term for high blood pressure?
hypertension
What is the term for when a client moves a joint through its full range without assistance?
AROM
What does “muscle hypertrophy” mean?
Increase in muscle size
What does the Golgi tendon organ detect in muscles?
Muscle tension (prevents over-contraction)
What is the name for muscles that assist the prime mover?
Synergist
What condition involves the narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup?
Atherosclerosis
Which movement would indicate weakness in the quadriceps during a functional assessment?
Difficulty or inability to extend the knee
What is the largest muscle in the superficial back that helps with shoulder adduction and medial rotation?
Lats
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
What type of muscle contraction occurs without changing muscle length?
Isotonic
What chronic autoimmune disease causes joint inflammation?
Rheumatoid arthritis
During MET, what type of muscle contraction does the client perform?
A gentle isometric contraction
Which deep back muscles are responsible for spinal extension, and lateral flexion?
ESGs
What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Bicuspid/Mitral
What does “eccentric contraction” mean?
Muscle lengthens while contracting
What disease causes the destruction of myelin sheath around nerves?
Multiple sclerosis
What is a common test for assessing nerve compression in the wrist? (Carpal Tunnel)
Phalen's test
What is the function of the piriformis muscle?
Laterally rotates and abducts the thigh
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
It stores and releases calcium for contraction
Which muscle acts as a prime mover for hip extension?
What is the name of the condition where bones become soft due to vitamin D deficiency?
Rickets/Osteomalacia
Which special test assesses for thoracic outlet syndrome by monitoring pulse changes when the arm is raised?
Adson's test
What three muscles insert on the Pes Anserinus tendon?
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus