Week 1
This centrally acting muscle relaxant is used in the “triple drip” protocol in horses and should never be administered to awake horses.
What is guaifenesin?
This type of synovial joint permits movement primarily in one plane and is found in the elbow and interphalangeal joints.
What is a hinge joint (ginglymus)?
This spinal reflex tests the femoral nerve and the L4–L6 spinal cord segments.
What is the patellar reflex?
This ligament runs from the lateral femoral condyle to the head of the fibula and prevents excessive varus movement of the stifle.
What is the lateral collateral ligament of the stifle?
This type of disc herniation is characterized by a chronic, progressive protrusion of the annulus fibrosus, most commonly seen in large-breed dogs.
What is Hansen Type II intervertebral disc disease?
This fascicle arrangement places fibers at an angle to the tendon, increasing force production but limiting range of motion.
What is a pennate muscle arrangement?
This vertebra is characterized by the presence of the dens and allows rotation of the head.
What is the axis (C2)?
This structure lies deepest on the proximal palmar aspect of the metacarpus and gives rise to two branches that insert on the proximal sesamoid bones.
What is the suspensory ligament (interosseous ligament)?
This intracapsular but extrasynovial ligament prevents cranial displacement of the tibia relative to the femur in the stifle joint.
What is the cranial cruciate ligament?
A lesion affecting the L4–S3 spinal cord segments will result in this type of motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs.
What are lower motor neuron (LMN) signs?
When the basal lamina is damaged following segmental myofiber necrosis, muscle regeneration fails and this chronic change develops instead.
What is fibrosis?
This ligament runs along the dorsal aspect of vertebral bodies within the vertebral canal and helps prevent dorsal displacement of intervertebral discs.
What is the dorsal longitudinal ligament?
On a transverse ultrasound scan at the mid–metacarpal region, this tendon appears oval in shape and lies dorsal to the superficial digital flexor tendon.
What is the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT)?
This structure is part of the equine reciprocal apparatus and ensures that flexion of the stifle results in flexion of the hock.
What is the peroneus tertius muscle?
This spinal cord tract carries conscious proprioception to the brain and ascends in the dorsal funiculus.
What is the dorsal column (fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus)?
This ligament connects the head of adjacent ribs between T2–T11 and helps prevent intervertebral disc herniation in the thoracic region.
What is the intercapital ligament?
Degeneration of this specific component of the intervertebral disc leads to loss of compressive resistance and contributes to Hansen Type II disc protrusion.
What is the nucleus pulposus?
This phase of tendon healing begins approximately 6–8 weeks after injury and is characterized by decreased cellularity, increased Type I collagen, and longitudinal fiber realignment.
What is the remodeling phase?
Failure of this structure in the reciprocal apparatus allows the hock to extend while the stifle remains flexed, disrupting synchronous limb movement.
What is rupture of the peroneus tertius?
A unilateral lesion affecting the right side of the T3–L3 spinal cord would most likely cause loss of conscious proprioception on this side of the body caudal to the lesion.
What is the right (ipsilateral) side?
This muscle is the most important extensor of the elbow, has four heads, inserts on the olecranon, and is essential for weight-bearing in the thoracic limb.
What is the triceps brachii?
This depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent causes persistent stimulation of nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction and may result in transient muscle fasciculations before paralysis.
What is succinylcholine?
This region of the tendon stress–strain curve represents the point at which microscopic fiber failure begins and permanent deformation occurs.
What is the yield region?
Upward fixation of the patella occurs when this ligament becomes temporarily locked over the medial trochlear ridge of the femur.
What is the medial patellar ligament?
Damage to this cranial nerve would result in loss of the motor component of the corneal reflex and inability to blink the eyelids.
What is the facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)?