Biochemistry
What is the monomer unit of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What is the term for the weighted average of the masses of isotopes of an element?
Atomic mass
What is the functional group present in aldehydes?
-CHO
What is the term for the organelle responsible for the synthesis of proteins in a eukaryotic cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the SI unit for measuring electric charge?
Coulomb (C)
In glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule?
2 ATP Molecules
According to the kinetic-molecular theory, in which state of matter do particles have the least kinetic energy?
Solid
In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, what is the role of the nucleophile?
The nucleophile attacks the electrophile, leading to a substitution reaction.
In photosynthesis, what is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy?
Chlorophyll
In the context of waves, what term describes the number of oscillations per unit time?
Frequency
Name the process by which amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain.
Peptide bond formation or peptide synthesis
What is the name of the process where a substance transitions directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase?
Sublimation
What is the IUPAC name for the compound CH3-CH2-CH2-Br?
1-bromopropane
Identify the unique cellular structure found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Cell Wall
According to Ohm's Law, what is the mathematical relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in an electrical circuit?
V = I * R.
DAILY DOUBLE 😃
In the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate?
Isocitrate dehydrogenase.
In a chemical reaction, if the reactants have lower potential energy than the products, what type of reaction is occurring?
Exothermic reaction
This type of nucleophilic substitution reaction is characterized by a two-step mechanism and often involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate.
SN1 Reaction
Name two mechanisms through which gene expression is regulated in prokaryotes, specifically focusing on post-transcriptional modifications.
Alternative splicing and RNA interference
In a double-slit experiment, what phenomenon occurs when light or electrons interfere and create alternating bright and dark fringes on a screen?
Answer: Interference.
What is the term for the phenomenon where an enzyme's activity is altered by the binding of a regulatory molecule at a site other than the active site?
Answer: Allosteric regulation.
Which principle states that no two electrons in an atom can share the same set of quantum numbers, specifically their spin?
The Pauli Exclusion Principle
DAILY DOUBLE 😃
In NMR spectroscopy, this phenomenon occurs when protons on adjacent carbon atoms split a signal, providing valuable information about the connectivity of atoms in a molecule.
What is spin-spin coupling or splitting?
What is the term for the measure of an enzyme's catalytic efficiency and is calculated as the ratio of the catalytic rate constant (kcat) to the Michaelis constant (Km)?
What is catalytic efficiency or specificity constant (kcat/Km)?
What is the fundamental concept in quantum mechanics that states it is impossible to simultaneously know both the precise position and momentum of a particle?
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.