Circuits
This is calculated using the resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area of a material to describe the opposition of movement of electrons through the material in question.
What is resistance?
In a neutral solution, most amino acids exist as this.
What are zwitterions?
The following scenario is an example of this phenomenon:
A person suffers from food poisoning after eating a spoiled orange and later finds the smell of lemon and other citrus fruits causes a feeling of nausea.
What is generalization?
In classical conditioning, generalization is the process by which two distinct but similar stimuli come to produce the same response.
Cartilage, ligaments, adipose tissue, and blood are all made up of this kind of cell.
Connective tissues support the body and provide a framework for epithelial cells. In most organs, these cells form the stroma or support structure by secreting materials to form the extracellular matrix.
This type of acid dissociates to produce an excess of hydrogen ions in solution.
What are Arrhenius acids?
This law states that for a given resistance, the magnitude of the current through a resistor is proportional to the voltage drop across the resistor.
What is Ohm's Law?
At pH 7, the charge on a glutamic acid molecule is this.
What is -1?
A rat trained to press a lever to get food under this type of reinforcement schedule will press the lever slowly at first, then with increasing frequency towards the end of the period.
What is fixed-interval?
In a fixed interval schedule, the desired behavior is rewarded the first time it's exhibited after the fixed interval has elapsed. For example, once the rat gets the pellet, it has to wait 60 seconds before it can get another pellet. The first lever press after 60 seconds gets a pellet, but subsequent presses within those 60 seconds does nothing.This organelle is involved in the transport of materials throughout the cell, in lipid synthesis, and in the detoxification of drugs and poisons.
What is the smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)?
This type of acid/base species can react as either an acid or base, depending on the nature of the reactants.
What is amphoteric/ an amphoteric species?
Ex: Water
If a defibrillator passes 15 A of current through a patient's body for 0.1 seconds, then this much charge will through through the patient's skin.
What is 1.5 C?
I = Q/change in time. A 15 amp circuit that acts for 0.1s will transfer 15A x 0.1s = 1.5 C of charge.
An amino acid with a R-group under this type of hydro-classification is most likely to be found in the transmembrane portion of an alpha-helix know to cross the cell membrane.
What is hydrophobic/ a hydrophobic amino acid?
The amino acid would be exposed to a hydrophobic environment and therefore would need a hydrophobic side chain to move through the space. Hydrophobic R-groups have long alkyl chains.
Ex: phenylalanine, alanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine
This method of encoding is most conductive to later recall.
What is semantics?
Semantic encoding (encoding based on the meaning of the information) is the strongest of the methods of encoding.
Semantic > Acoustic > Visual
This is the main function of the nucleolus.
What is chromosome assembly?
This quantity of liters of 2 M Ba(OH)2 is needed to titrate a 4 L solution of 6 M H3PO4.
What is 18 L?
N1V1 = N2V2; N = normality, V = volume
Normality is defined as a concentration unit equal describing the number of equivalents per liter of solution. Ba(OH)2 can dissociate to give two hydroxide ions, so its normality is 2M x 2 = 4 N. H3PO4 can dissociate to give 3 hydronium ions, so its normality 6M x 3 = 18 N.
18N*4L = 4N*V2 --> V2 = 18L
A voltaic cell provides current of 0.5A when in a circuit with a 3 ohm resistor. If the internal resistance of the cell is 0.1 ohm, then the voltage across the terminals of the battery when there is no current flowing is this.
What is 1.55 V?
E = V + (i x internal resistance)
E = 1.5V + (0.5A x 0.1 ohm)
E = 1.5 + 0.05 = 1.55 V
In lysine, the pKa of the side chain is about 10.5. Assuming that the pKa of the carboxyl and amino groups are 2 and 9, respectively, the pI of lysine is this.
What is 9.75?
Because lysine has a basic side chain, you can ignore the pKa of the carboxyl group, and average the pKa of the side chain and the amino group.
(9+10.5)/2 = 9.75
Knowing the parts of a car engine is an example this type of memory.
What is semantic?
Semantic memory is the category of long-term memory that refers to recall of facts instead of experiences or skills. Semantic memories are NOT the same as semantic networks, which are the associations of similar concepts in the mind to aid their retrieval.
After infection of a cell, a viral particle must transport itself to the nucleus in order to produce viral proteins. This would be most likely genomic content of the virus.
What is Double-stranded DNA?
Only DNA viruses need to be transported to the nucleus to produce viral proteins.
This is the approximate pH value of a solution containing 5 mM H2SO4.
What is 2?
First, 5mM = 5x10^-3 M.
Since sulfuric acid is a strong acid, you can assume that for the majority of sulfuric acid molecules, both protons (H+) in H2SO4 will dissociate.
Therefore, [H+] = (2)*(5x10^-3) = 10^-2 M
pH = -log[H+] = -log[10^-2 M] = 2 log10 = 2*1 = 2
This many moles of electrons pass through a circuit containing a 100 V battery and a 2 ohm resistor over a period of 10 seconds. (Note: F = 9.65 x 10^4 C/mol e-)
What is 5.00 x 10^-3 moles?
V = IR and I = Q/change in t --> Q= (V x change in t)/ R
Q = (100V x 10s)/2 ohms = 500 C
(500 C)[mol e-/10^5 C] = 5 x 10^-3 mol e-
This amino acid does NOT have an L-enantiomer.
What is Glycine?
A presynaptic neuron becomes more efficient at releasing neurotransmitters while receptor density increases on the postsynaptic neuron. These changes are consistent with:
What is long term potentiation?
Long term potentiation is the strengthening of neural connections due to rehearsal or relearning. Repeatedly stimulated neurons become more efficient at releasing their neurotransmitters and at the same time, receptor sites on the other side increase, increasing receptor density. This phenomenon is considered to be the neurophysiological basis of long-term memory.
In Alzheimer's disease, a protein called the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved to form a protein called beta-amyloid. This protein has a beta-pleated sheet structure and precipitates to form plaques in the brain. This mechanism of disease is most similar to this type of pathogen.
What are prions?
Prions are infectious proteins that cause misfolding of other proteins. They generally cause a shift toward beta-pleated sheet conformations, causing decreased solubility and increased resistance to degradation, ultimately leading to disease.
This is the pH of a solution with an ammonium concentration of 70 mM and an ammonia concentration of 712 mM. (Note: The pKb of ammonia is 3.45).
Find the pOH, then subtract from 14 to get the pH; use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pOH = pKb + log[(conjugated acid)/(base)]
pOH = 3.45 + log (70mM/712mM) = 3.45 + log (1/10) = 3.45 - 1 = 2.45
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2.45 = 11.55