Immune System
X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a type of this immunodeficiency.
What is a congenital immunodeficiency?
This describes a bacteria's ability to cause harm.
What is pathogenicity?
For extra points, what is virulence?
This type of anthrax is the "deadliest".
What is pulmonary anthrax?
This describes something a patient tells you, rather than something you see.
What are symptoms?
These are the inclusions that can be found in bacteria.
What are gas vacuoles and magnetosomes?
For extra points, what are the storage inclusions?
This immunoglobin is released first in a primary antibody response.
What is IgM?
Strain A has an LD50 of 2000.
Strain B has an LD50 of 3000.
This one is more deadly.
What is Strain A?
These exotoxins only become a toxin when it is in contact with a bacteriophage.
What is diphtheria and botulism?
T or F: Toxoids do not typically cause harm and are often the basis of vaccines.
What is true?
Which of the following is a carbon skeleton produced in EMP?
A. Oxaloacetate
B. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C. Succinate
D. Ribose 5-phosphate
E. Acetyl-CoA
What is B, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?
Which of the following is NOT a direct function of antibodies?
A. Opsonization
B. Destruction
C. Neutralization
D. Precipitation
E. Complement fixation
What is B, destruction?
This describes a disease that goes from animal to human.
What are zoonoses?
This type of exotoxin alters the permeability of the intestinal epithelium.
For extra points, what are the different ways to get enterotoxins?
This is the causative agent of the plague.
What is Y. pestis?
These 2 amino acids have a sulfur in their R group.
What are cysteine and methionine?
Which of the following characteristics accurately describes the secondary antibody response?
A. Longer lag phase
B. High IgM titer, low IgG titer
C. Basis of vaccine
D. Lower affinity, higher avidity
E. None of the above
What is C, basis of vaccine?
This bacteria uses actin rockets to spread virulence factors.
What is Listeria monocytogenes?
Which of the following is true regarding tetanus?
A. It is produced by a Bacillus species.
B. It is the most potent biological toxin known.
C. It blocks the release of acetylcholine, causing flaccid paralysis.
D. B and C
E. None of the above.
What is E, none of the above?
LSD is an example of this type of toxin.
What is a mycotoxin?
This structure is present in both penicillin and carbapenem.
What is a β-lactam ring?
Which of the following are characteristics of IgG?Select all that apply:
A. Can cross the placenta
B. 1 is required to activate the complement system
C. Performs opsonization, but not neutralization
D. Has 10 binding sites
E. Has high affinity, but low avidity
What is A and E?
Which of the following is true regarding virulence factors? Select all that apply:
A. They typically release enzymes out into the environment.
B. Pathogenicity islands are transferred through vertical gene transfer.
C. Coagulase and fibrinolysin perform similar functions.
D. Leukocidins kill red blood cells.
E. Hyaluronidase is also known as the spreading factor.
What is A and E?
Which of the following are characteristics of exotoxins?
A. Only produced by Gram-positive bacteria
B. Soluble and heat-stable
C. Includes cholera
D. Highly immunogenic
E. Includes both enterotoxins and endotoxins
What is C and D?
Which of the following statements is true?
Select all that apply:
A. Superantigens cause an exaggerated immune response that stimulates B cells.
B. IgA is secreted in breast milk.
C. The tetanus and botulism toxins are neurotoxins.
D. Clostridium perfringens is found in anoxic conditions.
E. Septic shock is associated with severe hypertension.
What is B, C, and D?
This enzyme initiates the CAC; and produces acetyl-CoA and CO2.
What is pyruvate dehydrogenase?