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Cultural Relativism/Misc.
Ethics Misc.
Kantian ethics
Animal Rights
Abortion
100
This objection to cultural relativism states that might makes right (it's okay to attack neighboring villages, because it is okay in our culture.)
What is the viking objection?
100
No one's pleasure is worth more for any reason.
What is impartiality?
100
This is one way to fail the formula of humanity simplified to "no man's island," which states that uou cannot will to not help because you have to be helped at some point in your life.
What is failure in willing?
100
The best possible human life
What is Eudaimonia?
100
The assumption that JJT makes in her paper: fetus=( ).
What is human?
200
The definition of disease that states what we value in our culture deserves healthcare (ie. hard work is good, social life is good)
What is value-laden?
200
How we should treat ourselves and others, NOT how people actually do act, nor religion, nor what you feel or believe...
What is ethics?
200
Act such that you treat humanity always as an end, and never MERELEY as a means.
What is the formula of humanity?
200
The ability to feel. Does the creature suffer? Can it feel pain/pleasure?
What is sentinence?
200
The dentist in Ireland case compares these to rights.
What is right to life vs. right to life?
300
The objection to cultural relativism that states that you can't both be "right."
What is the moral disagreement objection?
300
The best consequences is what brings the most happiness (most utils) in the aggregate is desribed in this school of thought.
What is utiltarianism?
300
This law states: "Act such that you can, at the same time, will your maxim into universal law."
What is the formula of universal law?
300
Humans have moral capacities that animals do not. However, not all humans have these said capacities, so having these capacities is not a prerequisite for these rights. To be morally consistent because some animals have the same capacities as those that are mentally challenged, we should treat animals the same as humans. If you don't give animals the same rights as humans, we are being speciest.
What is the AMC? (Argument of Marginal Cases)
300
These are the two objections to Marquis.
What are: 1. Regression: 2. Whether or not the fetus has a FLO becomes an accidental feature when we consider the elderly, who do not have a FLO and yet it is wrong to kill them.
400
An objection to consequentialism that states the case where we accidentally cure a disease while trying to poison someone.
What are irrelevant consequences?
400
This objection to consequentialism states that simply because the utils of the aggregate favor one group does not make the act morally permissible.
What is the JUSTICE objection? (And state and example.)
400
This is one of the ways to fail the formula of universal law, where if you try to universalize the maxim, it does not hold.
What is failure in conception?
400
Respect for one's physical self, versus respect for one's intellect.
What is animal dignity versus rational dignity?
400
You are only morally required to do what is minially descent thing is portrayed by this example.
What is the Kittie Genevese case?
500
The act of forcing someone for his/her own good is this unique form of coercision, because you're essentially protecting others from themselves.
What is paternalism?
500
This problem states that the traditional abortion arguments either protects too many, or protects too few.
What is the Goldilock's problem?
500
This is Kantian ethics in one sentence: the moral thing to do is led by the correct ( ).
What is motive of duty? (Kant believes that duty is the only valid motivator, because inclination can come from luck of experience/innate nature, which is not a good basis for an ethical theory).
500
Chimpanzees have the capacity of language equal to that of a 5-year-old child. Does that mean that they have the RIGHT to learn a language? For a 5-year-old, we would wrong them if we did not teach them language, they would face social and developmental impairment in their future if we did not teach them... Chimps don't really need human language, they can get along and flourish just fine without learning human language.
What are species-specific interests?
500
The first term describes a statistically common trait (i.e. A human typically has a nose between 2 eyes, but not everything that has a nose between 2 eyes is a human, it's just really common." The second term describes what makes an object itself (i.e. What makes a ball a ball? What makes a piece of chalk a piece of chalk? Ball-ness? Chalk-ness?)
What is an accidental feature? What is an essential feature?