Theories of Motor Control
Reflexes create a chain to create movement
What is reflex theory
no inherent endpoint; performer decides when to stop
short-term improvement during practice
performance
the effects of these two autonomous attributes is recognized in the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning
this type of mechanism relies on an open loop to use proactive balance
feedforward
each successively higher level of the nervous system controls the level below it
what is Hierarchical Theory?
performed in stable, predictable environments
what is a closed task?
decreased responsiveness to repeated exposure
what is habituation?
in extrinsic feedback, constant ____ leads to the best performance, but summary leads to better retention.
Knowledge of Results
this type of balance relies on a feedback or "closed loop" system
reactive balance
The body is a mechanical system with many degrees of freedom that need to be controlled
What is Systems Theory?
must be accounted for to complete the movement, movement conforms to this
regulatory features
this type of associate conditioning relates behavior and consequences
what is operant?
Having more rest than practice time enhances learning, and is defined by the term
what is distributed practice?
During the hip strategy, the ankle and trunk are in stage (true or false)
false
neural connections are hardwired and can produce stereotyped behaviors in the absence of sensory input
what are Central Pattern Generators/Motor Programming Theory?
base of support moves during the task
mobility task
learners form generalized motor programs that create rules for classes of movements
what is Schmidt's Schema Theory
practicing the same task in multiple conditions
variable practice
sensory weighting hypothesis
The development of the central nervous system is the primary drive of motor development
what is Neuromaturational theory?
the three individual factors; as part of the task, environment, and individual interactions that drive movement
action/motor, perception/sensory, cognition
Gentile's Two Stage Model
optimizing learning the Challenge Point Theory means providing challenge based on these three factors
learner's skills level, task difficulty, environment
These two parts of the body allow sensory feedback to progress the swing phase of gait
what are joint receptors and muscle spindle afferents