1
Ida B Wells
was a journalist and activist who spoke out against lynching in the South. She used her writing to expose racial violence and fight for equal rights for African Americans.
Jim Crow
was a system of laws that enforced racial segregation in the South. It was based on the idea of “separate but equal” and was supported by Supreme Court decisions. These laws limited African American rights through poll taxes, literacy tests, and segregation in public places.
Plessy v Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a Supreme Court case that made segregation legal. It created the idea of “separate but equal,” allowing separate schools and public places for African Americans and whites.
Williams v Mississippi
Williams v. Mississippi was a Supreme Court case that allowed literacy tests and poll taxes. These laws made it harder for African Americans to vote and supported discrimination.
Do you got this?
YESSS
Ghettos
A ghetto is a segregated section of a city where a minority group may choose to live in due to social and economic pressures. Ghettos are overcrowded and unsanitary.
Social Darwinism
The belief that more capable individuals or groups will rise to power.
Boom Towns
A place that experiences rapid and sudden population growth due to an event like a natural resource discovery. Gold and was dangerous.
George Washington Carver
was an agricultural scientist who worked at Tuskegee Institute. He found over 300 uses for peanuts. His work helped farmers become more independent and successful.
Nikola Tesla
was an inventor and engineer who developed alternating current electricity. His system made it possible to send electricity over long distances and he competed with Edison during the War of Currents.
Thomas Nast
Thomas Nast was a political cartoonist who used drawings to influence public opinion. He exposed corruption and supported equal rights for African Americans. His cartoons helped shape political ideas during the Gilded Age.
Homestead Act 1862
gave 160 acres of land to settlers who agreed to live on and farm the land for five years. It encouraged westward expansion and helped grow farming and the economy.
Ellis Island
Located in New York Harbor, it served as the nation’s premier federal immigration station. 13 million people walked through the doors of Ellis Island.
Joseph G. McCoy
McCoy noticed the high demand for cattle in the east coast. He is known for promoting the transport of cattle from Texas to the eastern United States.
Gilded Age
A period of intense economic growth, massive industrialization and technological advancement in the U.S.
Thaddeus Stevens
Thaddeus Stevens was a Radical Republican leader in the House of Representatives. He supported full equality for African Americans and helped create Reconstruction laws to protect their rights after the Civil War.
Charles Sumner
Charles Sumner was a Radical Republican senator who strongly opposed slavery and supported equal rights for African Americans. He wanted strict punishment for Southern states after the Civil War and fought for civil rights during Reconstruction.
Grandfather Clause 1898
The Grandfather Clause was a law that allowed white voters to avoid literacy tests and poll taxes if their grandfathers had voted before the Civil War. This law prevented many African Americans from voting while allowing poor white citizens to vote.
Vertical Integration
A business strategy where a company gains control over multiple stages of its supply chain. Reduces cost and improves efficiency.
Horizontal Intregation
A company merges with competitors operating at the same stage of the supply chain in the same industry.
Booker T Washington
Booker T. Washington was an African American leader who founded Tuskegee Institute. He believed African Americans should focus on job skills, education, and economic success to improve their lives.
WEB Dubois
W. E. B. Dubois was a civil rights leader who believed African Americans should demand equal rights immediately. He supported higher education and helped found the NAACP to fight discrimination.
Pacific Railway Act 1862
The Pacific Railway Act gave land and money to railroad companies to build the first transcontinental railroad. It connected the eastern and western United States, making travel, trade, and transportation much faster. This helped grow the economy and expand the country westward.
Morril Land Grant 1862
gave land to states to fund colleges focused on agriculture and technical skills. It helped expand higher education and supported industrial and farming growth in the United States.
Thomas Edison
was an inventor who improved the light bulb and helped develop electric power systems using direct current. His inventions changed everyday life during the Industrial Revolution.