Chapter 1
Characterization:
An Amoeba, for example.
What is a unicellular microbe?
Asexual and sexual reproduction in eukaryotes.
What is mitosis (asexual) and meiosis (sexual)?
Central dogma of microbiology.
What is the overall idea that a gene (DNA) can be transcribed into RNA and that RNA can be translated into protein to express the gene?
A series of "yes/ no" questions to aid in identifying a microbe.
What is a dichotomous key?
The parts of a virus.
What are the capsid (protein shell), nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), and envelope (phospholipid membrane only in some viruses)?
Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes.
Penicillium chrysogenum, Candida albicans, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for example.
What are yeasts?
Catch-all term for 'stuff' surrounding cells. (Hint, non-microbiologists call it "matrix".)
What is the glycocalyx?
Genes that are constantly needing to be turned 'on'; the gene for ribosome production, for example.
What are constitutive genes?
These bacteria use oxygen when present, but can also live without it.
What are facultative anaerobes?
What are... ?
-dsDNA
-ssDNA
-dsRNA
-ssRNA +
-ssRNA -
Eukaryotic, heterotrophs, with no cell walls.
What are Protozoa?
Prokaryotic structures for movement.
What are axial filaments and flagella?
Genes that can be turned off or on; the genes that control insulin production, for example.
What are inducible genes?
These use light as a source of energy, but must get their carbon (nutrients) from other living things.
What are photoheterotrophs?
Viral life cycle.
What is... ?
1. Attachment
2. Penetration
3. Biosynthesis
4. Maturation (aka Assembly)
5. Release
Prokaryotes with a cell wall; autotrophs or heterotrophs.
What are bacteria?
Color of a gram (-) bacteria.
What is pink?
IE- only stained with counter stain because the crystal violet has been rinsed out of the thin cell wall.
In this type of mutation, there are nucleotides added or deleted from the DNA sequence.
What is a frameshift mutation?
IE- deletion or insertion will result in the entire code after the mutation being one base "off" or shifting the whole codon frame.
Taxonomic names of microbes, for example Escherichia coli.
What are the Genus and species classes respectfully?
IE- DKPCOFGS
These are proteins gone bad... they cause other proteins to get "bent out of shape."
What is a prion?
Koch's Postulates.
What is...?
Microbes, isolated from a sick individual and introduced to a healthy individual, will cause the same illness as the first individual. The microbes isolated from each patient will be identical.
Grape-like cluster of bacteria.
What are staphylococci?
Transformation, conjugation, and transduction.
What are the types of horizontal gene transfer?
Eukaryotic microbes that won't be discussed the rest of the year... probably.
2 things viruses can't do... ie- why they aren't "alive".
What are ...?
1. Metabolic processing (getting energy and nutrition and creating waste).
2. Reproduction (they only use host structures to do this so without a host, no reproduction.)