Acute Resp Problems
This results from inhalation of gastric or oropharyngeal contents.
What is Aspiration Pneumonia.
This includes HOB at 30-35 degrees, daily sedation vacations, peptic ulcer prophylaxis, DVT prophylaxis, and oral care with chlorhexidine.
What is the VAP Prevention Bundle?
This disease requires an N95 mask and reverse isolation.
What is TB?
This occurs when the PaO2 persists below < 60 mmHg despite high levels of supplemental oxygen?
What is Refractory Hypoxemia?
This results from impaired oxygen exchange?
What is Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
This is inflammation of the pleural layers resulting in sharp, localized pain that worsens with breathing, often associated with pneumonia, TB, or pulmonary emboli.
What is Pleurisy?
This is caused by prolonged Fi)2 > 60mm Hg over 24-48 hours. Damages alveolar-capillary membrane, worsening hypoxemia. Cue may include crackles, worsening ABG's despite high FiO2?
What is oxygen toxicity?
This is a localized necrotic infection forming a cavity, usually following an aspiration or unresolved pneumonia.
What is a Lung Abscess?
This phase occurs when inflammatory mediators increase alveolar-capillary permeability causing pulmonary edema? This occurs 24-48 hours after the insult.
What is the Exudate Phase of ARDS?
This occurs when the lungs cannot remove carbon dioxide effectively, often due to ventilatory failure?
Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
This is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space causing dyspnea and reduced breath sounds; may be secondary to infection, malignancy, or heart failure.
What is a Pleural Effusion?
This is the cuff pressure that prevents aspiration and facilitates ventilation?
What is 20-25 mmHg?
This is inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, typically following a viral infection, characterized by a dry cough that progresses to purulent sputum, wheezing, and stridor.
What is Acute Tracheobronchitis?
What position would be put a patient in with ARDS to promote gas exchange?
What is Prone Position?
This is caused by chronic granulomatous disease affecting the lungs in over 90% of cases; characterized by dyspnea, cough, chest discomfort, and systematic findings such as fatigue and weight loss.
What is Sarcoidosis?
This is a complication of pneumonia or abscess where purulent fluid collects in the pleural space, requiring drainage and prolonged antibiotics.
What is an Empyema?
This complication occurs from excessive airway pressures (alveolar rupture), sudden drop in O2 sat and hypotension.
What is Barotrauma?
This is the most reliable diagnostic to identify bacterial, fungal, or mycobacterial organisms.
What is a Sputum Culture?
What is a complication of high PEEP?
What is Barotrauma?
What causes a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch contributing to hypoxemic failure?
What is a PE? (obstructing blood flow to the alveoli).
The following symptoms are characteristics of dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. May also include decreased breath sounds or crackles over the affected area.
What is Atelectasis?
This is a medical emergency that can occur when air enters the pleural space, often due to a lung injury from trauma, medical procedures, or underlying lung conditions.
What is a Tension Pneumothorax?
This is the greatest complication from atelectasis in a post op patient.
What is Pneumonia?
Covid, Aspiration, Pneumonia, PE, infections, and trauma can all cause the following.
What is ARDS?
What disease can cause both hypercapnic and hypoxemic respiratory failure?
What is COPD?