9-1 thru 9-3 Ionic and Covalent Bonds
A bond characterized by the sharing of electrons
What is a covalent bond?
Write the Lewis structure for methane, CH4.
What is C in the middle of 4 H's, all with single bonds and no lone pairs.
The electron geometry of a water molecule.
What is tetrahedral?
A covalent bond that exists between two atoms with either no or only slight differences in electronegativity.
What is a nonpolar (covalent) bond?
A bond characterized by the transfer of electrons.
What is an ionic bond?
Write the Lewis structure for ammonia, NH3.
N in the middle of three H's, with a lone pair above the N.
The molecular geometry of boron trihydride.
What is trigonal planar?
The polarity of each C-F bond in CF4, along with the molecular polarity, and a justification for each answer.
Each C-F bond is polar because of the difference in electronegativity of 1.43, but the molecule as a whole is nonpolar, because of the tetrahedral molecular geometry and that those dipoles offset (cancel).
The number of electrons required to form a triple bond.
What is 6?
Draw a single resonance structure for the carbonate ion.
What is C in the middle of three O's, each with single/dashed line, and the whole thing surrounded by brackets and a -2.
The bond angle between the phosphorus and each of the oxygens in the phosphate ion.
What is 109.5 degrees?
The Lewis structure of hydrochloric acid, properly illustrating any dipole(s).
H-Cl, with 3 lone pairs about the Cl, and either a dipole drawn point from H to the Cl, or the delta notation showing a partial positive charge on the H and a partial negative on the Cl.
Based on Lewis dot symbols, the formula of the most likely compound formed between nitrogen and chlorine, along with the correct dot symbols for N and Cl.
What is NCl3?
Write the Lewis structure for hydrocyanic acid.
What is C in the middle of H and N, with a triple bond to the N and a lone pair above the N, and 10 total electrons.
The molecular geometry of selenium dioxide.
What is bent?
The polarity and molecular geometry of the KrBr4 molecule, including the proper Lewis structure.
Nonpolar and square planar, with the Kr in the middle of 4 Br's, each Br with 3 lone pairs and the Kr with 2 lone pairs.
The sum of the numbers of valence electrons in twelve lithium ions, seven chlorine atoms, eight iodides, and two chlorates.
What is 12(2) + 7(7) + 8(8) + 2(26) = 189?
Write the Lewis structure for sulfuric acid.
What is S in the center of 2 O's and 2 OH's, all with single bonds and a total of 32 e's.
The molecular geometry about each of the central atoms in ethanol, C2H5OH. (The two carbons are bonded.)
What is tetrahedral about each of the carbons, and bent about the oxygen? (Check for other valid answers.)
The Lewis structure, electron geometry, hybridization, molecular geometry, molecular polarity, and bond angle(s) of the phosphite ion.
What is P with a lone pair and in the middle of 3 O's, each with 3 pairs, and brackets and a -3 about it. Then, in turn, tetrahedral, sp3, trigonal pyramidal, polar, and < 109.5 degrees (or 107 degrees).