Mechanics of Biomaterials
Ultrasound
MRI
Clinical Applications of Elastography
100
3 elements of elastography are actuation, imaging and ?
inversion
100
This is the primary type of ultrasound imaging, where sound waves are reflected off tissues to create real-time images of structures like organs, muscles, and blood vessels
B-mode
100
What term describes the time required for protons to realign with the magnetic field in MRI?
T1 relaxation time
100
This organ is the most common target for elastography to assess stiffness and diagnose fibrosis
liver
200
This model describes the viscoelastic behavior of biomaterials, consisting of a spring and a dashpot arranged in parallel, which accounts for both elasticity and viscosity in the material’s response
Kelvin-Voight model
200
This method of ultrasound elastography measures the stiffness of soft tissues by monitoring how much they deform under pressure, which can be useful in assessing organs like the thyroid.
strain elastography
200
This is the MRI sequence commonly used to obtain high-quality images of soft tissues by using a 90° radiofrequency pulse followed by a 180° pulse to refocus the spins, reducing signal loss due to magnetic field inhomogeneities
Spin Echo
200
MR elastography has been used to determine the pre-surgical stiffness of these brain tumors for surgical planning
Meningiomas
300
Name the property that represents a material's resistance to flow under an applied force
viscosity
300
This technique is used to assess the flow of blood through arteries and veins, helping to diagnose conditions like deep vein thrombosis
Doppler ultrasound
300
MRI type of the following scan
T2-weighted imaging
300
In elastography-based liver fibrosis staging, this stage is associated with the development of cirrhosis, and is characterized by severe liver stiffness.
F4 stage
400
This term describes the gradual deformation of a material under constant stress, often used to characterize soft tissues or polymers over long periods
creep
400
This is the name of the most commonly used ultrasound elastography system for assessing liver stiffness, which is also referred to as transient elastography.
Fibroscan
400
Phase Contrast MRI, this is the term for the parameter that determines the sensitivity of the MRI scan to motion, typically set in units of cm/s or m/s, and affects the accuracy of velocity measurements
velocity encoding (VENC)
400
In MR Elastography, this is the specific region of the brain that has been studied for stiffness changes, which may help in diagnosing and understanding diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
hippocampus
500
This viscoelastic phenomenon occurs when a material slowly recovers its original shape after deformation, often seen in biological tissues like skin or tendons.
relaxation
500
This advanced ultrasound technique estimates tissue stiffness by using localized mechanical vibrations generated by focused ultrasound pulses
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography
500
These are the gradients that are particularly useful for assessing tissue motion, often used in MR Elastography to quantify displacement
Motion-Encoding gradients (MEGs)
500
This scoring system uses a five-point scale to assess the stiffness of breast lesions in elastography, with higher scores indicating greater stiffness and a higher likelihood of malignancy
Tsukuba score