Meat Science Final pt.1

Building Strength

100

Name the 3 main stages of prenatal growth

ovum 

embryonic 

fetal 

200

Describe the stages of prenatal growth 

ovum - period of hyperplasia (increased number of cells) beginning at fertilization 

embryonic - time of rapid cell division (determination and differentiation) 

fetal - time of hypertrophy (increase size of cells) final 75% of gestation 

300

Name and Describe the 3 Germ Layers 

Endoderm - inner later (repro, gastro tracts)

Mesoderm - middle layer, last to develop, and develops into muscle and skeleton system 

Ectoderm - outer layer. develops into epithelium 

400

Define a somite and the three types 

block like paired masses of the mesoderm 

scelrotome - bone and skeletal tissue 

myotome - skeletal muscle 

dermatome - epithelial tissue 

500

Name the four primary tissues 

epithelial tissue 

muscle tissue 

connective tissue 

nervous tissue 

Bone Appétit

100

the formation of bones is termed 

osteology 

200

two formation types of bones 

endochrondral - requires cartilage 

intramembranous - does not require cartilage (skull and pelvis) 

300

The functions of bones 

structure 

movement 

storage of mineral 

red blood cell production 

400

DAILY DOUBLE 

Classification of bones 

long, short, flat, sesamoid, pneumatic, irregular 

500

types of bones and parts of bones

compact/dense/cortical

cancellous/spongy 

epiphysis - either end of long bone

diaphysis - shaft 

epiphyseal plate - area of growth 

Muscle Memory

100

Types of muscle 

skeletal - voluntary and striated 

cardiac - involuntary and striated 

smooth - involuntary and non-striated 

200

The structural hierarchy of the muscle 

whole muscle 

fascicle 

muscle fibers 

myofibrils 

300

Myofibrils are made up of the basic contractile units termed 

sarcomeres 

400

List and define the two myofilaments 

Actin - thin filaments (20%)

Myosin - thick filaments (80%) head and tail structure 

500

List and describe the connective tissues surrounding muscles 

epimysium - surrounds entire muscle 

perimysium - surrounds fascicles 

endomysium - surrounds muscle fibers 

Muscles at Work

100

Axon potential that is produced by a nerve impulse by the brain travels to the membrane surrounding fibers termed 

sarcolemma 

200

What is the neurotransmitter associated with muscle contraction that is released with Na 

Acetylcholine 

300

DAILY DOUBLE

This stores and ensures rapid delivery of Ca to the muscle 

sarcoplasmic reticulum 

400

Explain the role of Ca in muscle contraction

Ca binds to the Troponin C protein on actin causing a shift in Tropomysoin, exposing myosin binging sight. 

500

Explain the role Mg plays in muscle contraction

Mg activates the hydrolization of ATP into ADP + Free P creating energy.

The myosin head swivels and binds to actin binding sight then releases P to cause a power stroke.

The ADP is released and ATP rebinds to myosin head to release myosin from actin.

Wild Card

100

What is the portion of the sarcomere made up of only thick filament termed

H zone 

200

During gestation, which system is the first to develop?

the central nervous system 

300

List and describe the four fat deposits 

subcutaneous - under the skin 

intramuscular - within muscle (marbling) 

intermuscular - between muscles (seam)

internal - Kidney, heart, pelvis 

400

Why is meat important?

conversion of animals to food 

largest of all food industries 

early indicator of economic improvement 

nutritionally important 

500

List 5 of the top players in the meat industry

Cargill

Sysco 

JBS 

Tyson

Hormel