Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Energy Transformations
Conservation of Energy
Energy in Action
100
True or False
An object that is not moving has kinetic energy because of its mass.
False ❌ — Kinetic energy comes from motion.
100
True or False
Stretching a rubber band farther increases the amount of elastic potential energy it stores.
True ✅
100
True or False
When a ball is thrown upward, its kinetic energy increases and its gravitational potential energy decreases as it rises.
False ❌ — As the ball rises, kinetic energy decreases while gravitational potential energy increases.
100
True or False
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can change forms, but the total amount of energy remains constant.
True ✅
100
True or False
A ball can have both kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy while moving through the air.
True ✅
200
2. Which example BEST represents kinetic energy?
A) A basketball resting on a shelf
B) A stretched rubber band
C) A soccer ball rolling across a field
D) A book sitting on a desk
C) A soccer ball rolling across a field ✅
200
Which example shows an object with gravitational potential energy because of its height?
A) A bicycle moving down a road
B) A soccer player running
C) A baseball rolling on the ground
D) A flowerpot sitting on a high shelf
D) A flowerpot sitting on a high shelf ✅
200
A roller coaster is stopped at the very top of a large hill. Which type of energy is greatest?
A) Kinetic energy
B) Thermal energy
C) Gravitational potential energy
D) Electrical energy
C) Gravitational potential energy
200
What is the correct equation for mechanical energy?
A) Kinetic energy − potential energy
B) Potential energy ÷ kinetic energy
C) Kinetic energy × potential energy
D) Kinetic energy + potential energy
D) Kinetic energy + potential energy ✅
200
A student pushes a toy car across a table, causing it to move. What is happening?
A) The car's potential energy is disappearing.
B) The car is gaining gravitational potential energy.
C) Energy is being transferred through work.
D) Energy is being destroyed by the push.
C) Energy is being transferred through work. ✅
300
Two toy cars travel at the same speed. Car A has a mass of 2 kg, and Car B has a mass of 4 kg. Which statement is correct?
A) Car A has more kinetic energy.
B) Car B has more kinetic energy.
C) Both cars have the same kinetic energy.
D) Neither car has kinetic energy.
B) Car B has more kinetic energy. ✅
300
Which TWO factors affect an object's gravitational potential energy?
A) Mass and speed
B) Speed and height
C) Mass and height
D) Shape and speed
C) Mass and height ✅
300
As a roller coaster travels down a hill, what happens to its kinetic and gravitational potential energy?
A) Kinetic energy increases, and potential energy decreases.
B) Kinetic energy decreases, and potential energy increases.
C) Both types of energy increase.
D) Both types of energy stay the same.
A) Kinetic energy increases, and potential energy decreases. ✅
300
18. A basketball bounces several times before coming to a stop. Why does it bounce lower each time?
A) Gravity becomes weaker after each bounce.
B) Some mechanical energy changes into thermal energy and other forms.
C) The ball gains more potential energy after each bounce.
D) The total energy in the universe decreases.
B) Some mechanical energy changes into thermal energy and other forms. ✅
300
23. Two identical toy cars are released from different ramp heights. Car A starts 20 cm high, and Car B starts 40 cm high. Ignoring friction, which car should have more kinetic energy at the bottom?
A) Car A because it starts lower
B) Car B because it starts with more potential energy
C) Both cars because they have the same mass
D) Neither car because both begin at rest
B) Car B because it starts with more potential energy. ✅
400
Two identical baseballs are thrown at different speeds. Ball A travels at 10 m/s, while Ball B travels at 20 m/s. How does Ball B's kinetic energy compare to Ball A's?
A) It has twice as much kinetic energy.
B) It has the same kinetic energy.
C) It has three times as much kinetic energy.
D) It has four times as much kinetic energy.
D) It has four times as much kinetic energy. ✅
400
In the rack in the picture there are two basketballs. Which basketball has more energy?
A) The top basketball has more energy because it is further from Earth's surface.
B) The bottom basketball has more energy because it is closer from Earth's surface.
C) Both basketballs have the same amount of energy because they have the same amount of mass.
A) The top basketball has more energy because it is further from Earth's surface. ✅
400
The graph shows the kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) of a bouncing ball over a period of 9 seconds. Use the graph to answer the question.
When does the ball have the most kinetic energy?
A) At the start, because it is the highest off the ground.
B) At the end because it is moving fastest as it approached the ground for the final bounce.
C) At second 2, because it is moving fastest as it approaches the ground for the first bounce.
D) At second 4, because it has reached its second highest bounce.
C) At second 2, because it is moving fastest as it approaches the ground for the first bounce. ✅
400
19. When you rub your hands together quickly, they become warm. What causes this change?
A) Friction transforms some mechanical energy into thermal energy.
B) Potential energy increases because your hands move higher.
C) Gravity creates new energy between your hands.
D) Kinetic energy disappears without changing form.
A) Friction transforms some mechanical energy into thermal energy. ✅
400
Students test two toy cars with different masses on the same ramp. Both cars start from the same height. Which statement BEST predicts their gravitational potential energy at the top?
A) The lighter car has more potential energy.
B) Both cars have the same potential energy because they start at the same height.
C) The cars have no potential energy because they are not moving.
D) The heavier car has more potential energy because it has more mass.
D) The heavier car has more potential energy. ✅
500
Two moving objects have the following measurements:
Which object has more kinetic energy?
A) Object A, because its greater speed gives it more kinetic energy
B) Object B, because it has more mass
C) Both have the same kinetic energy
D) Neither has kinetic energy
A) Object A ✅
500
Two boxes are placed on shelves at the same height. Box A has a mass of 5 kg, and Box B has a mass of 10 kg. How does Box B's gravitational potential energy compare to Box A's?
A) Box B has half as much potential energy.
B) Box B has twice as much potential energy.
C) Both boxes have the same potential energy.
D) Box B has four times as much potential energy.
B) Box B has twice as much potential energy. ✅
500
A skateboarder begins at the top of a ramp, rolls down, and then travels up another ramp. Ignoring friction, which statement BEST explains the energy changes?
A) Potential energy stays the same throughout the ride.
B) Potential energy changes into kinetic energy going down, then kinetic energy changes into potential energy going up.
C) Kinetic energy disappears at the bottom of the ramp.
D) Both kinetic and potential energy increase throughout the ride.
B) Potential energy changes into kinetic energy going down, then kinetic energy changes into potential energy going up. ✅
500
A ball starts at the top of a ramp with 80 joules of gravitational potential energy and no kinetic energy. If there is no friction, how much kinetic energy will it have at the bottom?
A) 20 joules
B) 40 joules
C) 80 joules
D) 160 joules
C) 80 joules ✅
500
A student releases the same toy car from two different ramp heights. The results are shown below.
Which conclusion is BEST supported by the results?
A) A higher starting position gave the car more potential energy, which resulted in greater speed and kinetic energy at the bottom.
B) A lower starting position gave the car more potential energy and greater speed.
C) Ramp height did not affect the car's speed or energy.
D) The car lost all of its energy while moving down the ramp.
A) A higher starting position gave the car more potential energy, which resulted in greater speed and kinetic energy at the bottom. ✅