Auto-PEEP
This occurs when air remains trapped in the lungs at the endo of exhalation
What is Auto PEEP
A pH of 7.25, and PaCO2 of 6 mmHg indicates this acid base problem.
What is respiratory acidosis?
This is the preferred method to confirm endotracheal tube placement immediately after intubation.
What is end-tidal CO2 detection/capnography?
CPAP provides continuous positive airway pressure during this part of breathing.
What is both inspiration and expiration?
This is the procedure of removing an endotracheal tube
What is extubation?
A common ventilator adjustment to help reduce auto-PEEP is to increase this phase of the respiratory cycle.
What is expiratory time
A mechanically ventilated patient has pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, and PaO2 mmHg. The patient is experiencing this.
What is respirator alkalosis?
This breath sound finding suggests the endotracheal tube may be in the right mainstem bronchus.
What are diminished or absent breath sounds on the left?
This NIV mode provides two pressure levels: one for inspiration and one for expiration.
What is BiPAP/Bilevel positive airway pressure?
Before extubation, the patient should usually demonstrate an adequate ability to do this with secretions.
What is cough and clear secretions?
Patients with this obstructive disease are especially at risk for auto-PEEP
What is COPD/Emphysema?
If the ABG shows pH 7.30, PaCO2 55 mmHg, and the patient is on assist-control, ventilation should generally be increased by changing this setting.
What is minute ventilation?
The cuff pressure of an endotracheal tube is generally maintained within this range to reduce aspiration and tracheal injury
What is 20 to 30 cm H2O?
A patient with acute COPD exacerbation and hypercapnia may benefit from this therapy before intubation if still alert and cooperative.
What is non-invasive ventilation?
This score is commonly used to predict difficulty during intubation by evaluating the visibility of oral structures.
What is the Mallampati score?
On the ventilator waveform, auto-PEEP is suspected when expiratory flow does not return to this before the next breath begins.
What is baseline (zero flow)?
A patient has pH 7.48, PaCO2 32 mmHg, PaO2 58 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L. The oxygenation problem shown here is this.
What is hypoxemia?
This artificial airway bypasses the upper airway and therefore eliminates normal warming, filtering, and this other function.
What is humidification?
One major contraindication to NIV is inability to protect this.
What is the airway?
A common spontaneous breathing trial method used before extubation includes CPAP, T-piece, or this ventilatory support mode with minimal pressure.
What is pressure support ventilation?
To reduce auto-PEEP, the therapist may decrease respiratory rate, tidal volume, and increase this ventilator flow-related setting to shorten inspiratory time.
What is flow rate?
A ventilated patient has pH 7.19, PaCO2 70 mmHg, PaO2 80 mmHg, HCO3 26 mEq/L. To correct the major problem, the therapist should increase tidal volume or this.
What is respiratory rate?
Peak inspiratory pressure suddenly rises, breath sounds are diminished, and a suction catheter cannot pass. This airway problem should be suspected first.
What is endotracheal tube obstruction?
In BiPAP, the difference between IPAP and EPAP primarily helps improve this physiologic parameter.
What is ventilation/tidal volume/CO2 removal?
A patient who has passed a spontaneous breathing trial but develops inspiratory stridor after cuff deflation may have this complication.
What is upper airway edema?