Genetics
What creates 4 daughter cells where each one has 23 chromosomes, produces reproductive cells, reproduces sexually, has two stages of cell division, and divided from a reproductive cell?
Meiosis.
What shows the different genes in an organism and is represented by letters?
Genotypes.
What is the process through which populations of living organisms change over time to have a desirable trait?
Natural Selection.
What is it called when a unhealthy gene is replaced with a healthy copy?
Gene Therapy.
What is the difference between the relative and absolute age of rocks and fossils?
Relative-The age of a rock or fossil determined by its position in a rock layer/sequence.
Absolute-The actual age of a rock layer or fossil.
What creates 2 daughter cells where each one has 46 chromosomes, only has 1 stage of cell division, reproduces asexually, and grows, repair, and reproduce body cells?
Mitosis.
What are the physical characteristics of an organism?
What happened if a individual ends up having a new version of a trait?
What is the process of changing a population over time by creating organisms with desired traits?
Selective Breeding.
What law states that the oldest rock is at the bottom of a sequence and the youngest rock is at the top of a sequence?
Law of Superposition.
What two cell organelles are only found in plants?
Chloroplast and Cell Wall.
How are Heterozygous genes represented?
Different alleles (Aa).
What is it called when organisms leave or join a population that shifts the frequency of genes within a population?
Migration.
What is the process of producing individuals with identical or virtually identical DNA?
Cloning.
What are two fossils that are older than the gastropod?
Crinoid and Ammonite.
What is the difference between Plant and Animal cells.
-A plant cell has a rigid shape and a animal cell has a irregular shape.
-A plant cell has a large vacuole and animal cells have multiple small ones.
-Animal cells have centrosomes and lysosomes and plant cells lack those.
Homozygous Dominant (AA)
Homozygous Recessive (aa)
What is the random mutation within a species that changes the genetic makeup of the species over time?
Genetic Drift.
What is Artificial Selection?
When humans choose traits and breed organisms for those traits.
What kind of rock are fossils found in?
Sedimentary rocks.
What cell organelle stores water and nutrients for the cell?
Vacuole.
What alleles need to be there for the dominant trait to be in an organism, and what alleles need to be there for the recessive trait to be in an organism?
Dominant (AA) (Aa)
Recessive (aa)
What is the difference between structural and behavioral adaptions?
Structural adaptations are body parts on an animal that allow it to survive and reproduce.
Behavioral adaptations are the way an organism acts or behaves to help it survive.
What is it called when an organisms genetic material has been altered/changed genetic engineering?
GMO's
What is carbonization?
When all of the substances of plants or animals decay and only carbon is left, which leaves a carbon film on the rock.