Genetics
Define Mitosis?
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells.
Definition of Homozygous?
having two identical versions of a gene
What is migration?
the movement of people away from their usual place of residence to a new place of residence
What is cloning?
the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell
Define fossils?
the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.
Define Meiosis?
A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells.
Definition of Heterozygous?
having different alleles for a particular trait
What is mutation?
a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a cell
What does GMO mean?
genetically modified organism
Uses of fossils?
give us a useful insight into the history of life on Earth
Types of cells mitosis and meiosis occur in?
Mitosis occurs in somatic cells (body cells) while meiosis occurs in germ cells (gametes like sperm and egg cells).
Genotypes?
the genetic constitution of an individual organism
What is evolve?
develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form
What is artificial selection?
the process of humans choosing which plants and animals reproduce to pass on desired traits
Types of fossils?
body fossils, trace fossils, carbon fossils, molecular fossils, and amber
Differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which is absent in animal cells.
Phenotypes?
The observable characteristics or traits in an individual based on the expression of their genes.
What is natural selection?
a fundamental mechanism of evolution where organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
What is gene therapy?
a technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or cure disease
Law of Superposition fossils?
in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom and become progressively younger towards the top
Function of Cell Organelles?
storing genetic information (nucleus), producing energy (mitochondria), synthesizing proteins (ribosomes), processing and packaging proteins (Golgi apparatus), and breaking down waste materials (lysosomes)
Where do you use dominant/recessive genes at?
to describe the inheritance patterns of traits
a random change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) within a population over time
What is selective breeding?
the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits
Relative/Absolute Age of Rocks and Fossils?
"relative age" refers to the age of a rock or fossil compared to other rocks or fossils in the same area, determined by their position in rock layers (strata), while "absolute age" refers to the actual numerical age of a rock or fossil, usually determined using radiometric dating methods like carbon dating