What is a drug?
What makes a good medicinal drug? little ____, easy to _____, sigificant ______.
side effect
synthesize
therapeutic effect
A protein is embedded inside phosphobilayer of the cell membrane. What kinds of amino acids would be present on its surface?
Amino acids with hydrophobic side chain
Rank the drop-off effect of the following:
Van de Waars Force, ionic bond, dipole-dipole interaction, dipole-ion interaction
ionic bond< dipole-ion interaction<dipole-dipole interaction<Van de Waars Force
Drug & macromolecules are ____ with H2O before they meet each other.
solvated
What are the two main types of drug targets?
Protein and nucleic acid
Proteins that interact with DNA should be _____ charged.
Positively
When a drug enters a binding site, the initial distance between the binding group and the binding site is big. What is likely the most important initial interaction?
Ionic bonds (drop-off effect)
An ideal drug has a hydro____ binding group and a hydro____ group that points out of the binding region.
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
A
Theoretically, how many codons should there exist?
64
When is the contribution of London Dispersion Force crucial to drug-target binding?
When distance is small enough (drug already entered) and many such interactions occur.
The forming of bonds/interactions ______ energy.
release
SSRI is a type of anti-depressant that inhibits the re-uptake of 5-HT, and Amantadine treats Parkinson's Disease by inhibiting the re-uptake of Dopamine. Under what classification can these two drugs be in the same group?
target system
Describe the backbone of an amino acid.
Alfa carbon connected with a carboxyl group and an amine.
What is the strongest intermolecular force?
Ionic bond
The breaking of bonds/interactions ______ energy.
Why is Thalidomine causing deformation of fetus when initially synthesized last century?
Stereoisomerism makes the drug contain two stereoisomers, one is a good sedative and one can cause deformation.
Why can't a peptide bond rotate?
The side-to-side overlap of p-orbitals of oxygen and carbon and nitrogen forms a resonance structure. This makes the peptide bond to be partially double bond.
When designing a drug, is covalent bonding or intermolecular forces favored considering the interaction between the drug and the target?
Intermolecular forces.
How many hydrogen bonds can one water molecule form? (Considering flip-flop)
4