Allergy/Immunology
MSK/Sports Medicine
Neonatology
Infectious Disease
Growth and Development
100
An infant has delayed umbilical cord separation. What disorder should you consider in this child?
Leukocyte adhesion defect Type 1 (LAD1)
100
What is the appropriate diagnostic evaluation for developmental dysplasia of the hip and patients of various ages?
- If < 4-6 months of age, ultrasonography of both hips
- If > than 6 months of age, plain radiography of both hips
100
What should you expect in an infant who is cyanotic, except when crying?
Bilateral choanal atresia
100
A 5-year-old presents for her 1st influenza vaccine. How many doses should she receive?
Two doses, one month apart
100
At what age do the majority of children roll from front to back?
6 months
200
What can prevent or delay the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in early childhood?
Breastfeeding for at least four months
200
15-year-old girl joined her high school cross country/ track team. She has been running several miles per day for the past several weeks, but increased her running mileage in preparation for a track meet next month. Since then, she has noticed her right knee “giving out" during her runs, along with pain at the anterior portion of her kneecap. Physical examination reveals tenderness on palpation of the Patella, but there is no swelling or effusion of the knee joint. There is full range of motion of both knees, but pain of the right knee is noted with squatting. What is the sports related injury in this case?
Patellofemoral pain synd
200
Main pulmonary artery pressure _________ dramatically after birth. Pulmonary blood flow _________ dramatically at birth. Pulmonary vascular resistance _________ dramatically at birth.
Decreases; increases; decreases
200
A NICU infant is found to have an IV catheter infection with Candida albicans. How should this infection be managed?
Remove the catheter and start systemic antifungals.
200
A young girl can run well, kick a ball, and walk up a few stairs, using 2 feet on each step, without help. She uses both a cup and a spoon well, tries use switches and knobs on a toy, and plays with more than one toy at a time. She can point to 2-3 body parts and points to things in a book when asked (ex: ”where is the big boat?)
2 years
300
A three-year old boy presents with chronic and recurrent skin abscesses with Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens., Burkholderia cepacia, and Aspergillus. He also has splenic abscesses with Serratia Marcescens. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chronic granulomatous disease
300
A 16-year-old boy Male basketball player has noticed a painless enlarging mass at his right quadriceps muscle over the past several weeks. He denies fever, weight loss, night sweats, or other constitutional symptoms. He admits to getting hit a lot during basketball activities. Physical examination reveals a fixed palpable mass in the proximal anterior right thigh but minimal tenderness to palpation. Both hip and knee joints have full range of motion. What is the likely diagnosis for this condition?
Traumatic myositis ossificans
300
A 1-week-old infant in the NICU who was born at 28 weeks of gestation presents with: abdominal distension, feeding difficulties, emesis, heme-positive stools, and plain abdominal film showing gas accumulation in the submucosa of the bowel wall. What is the diagnosis?
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Fig. A: Neu J, NEJM, 2011
300
Amphotericin B causes renal losses of which 2 electrolytes?
Potassium and magnesium
300
An 18-month-old can squeal and babble, say “Mama”, and point at a bottle or chair. The child cannot say more words than “Mama” or identify body parts. Does this child have delayed development?
Yes
400
A 2 month old boy presents with these findings: overwhelming sepsis, eczematous skin lesions, diarrhea, failure to thrive, absence of thymus shadow on chest X-ray, and lymphopenia for his age.
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
400
A 13-year-old boy presents with severe night time pain in his proximal femur. It gets markedly better with nonsteroidals but not with acetaminophen. Plain X-ray of the femur shows a sharp, round lesion 1 cm in diameter with a 1 to 2mm peripheral radiolucent zone surrounding a homogeneous dense center. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Osteoid osteoma
400
A 10-day old premature infant, born at 28 weeks of gestation, has apnea with bradycardia and desaturation after having been weaned off the ventilator. Physical examination is within normal limits. Head ultrasound and cardiac echo or normal. The infant is tolerating feeds with no split ups. What is the best treatment for this infant?
Caffeine
400
A 12-year-old boy who lives in Arizona loves to hunt Prairie dogs and skins with them with his old hunting knife. He presents with a three-day history of fever, chills, headache, and a painful swollen right inguinal lymph node. What organism do you suspect?
Yersinia pestis
400
A young child has a vocabulary of about 50 words; says words like “I”, “me”, and “we”; enjoys pretending; uses several 2-words sentences; and follows simple commands. He often points at and identifies an object (ex: “tree”) and is able to name things in a book. When he is with other children, he parallel plays. Based on his level of development, how old is this child?
30 months
500
You start a child on penicillin. He has never been on penicillin before; however, eight days after being on the antibiotic, he develops the following: Fever, nausea/ vomiting, skin with redness, itching, Urticaria, and angioedema, joint pain of the knees and ankles, lymph nodes, swelling, muscle aches, and proteinuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Serum sickness-like reaction
500
A newborn is found to have the following triad: short neck, limited neck motion, low occipital hairline. Other associated findings include deafness, macrocephaly, and meningocele. What is the syndrome?
500
A term infant in the delivery room presents with: tachypnea, differential cyanosis (greater oxygen saturation in the upper body compared to the lower body), tricuspid regurgitation murmur (harsh systolic murmur at the left lower sternal border), and loud, narrowly split second heart sound (P2). What is the most likely diagnosis?
500
A patient in the summertime from rural Connecticut presents with fever, headache, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and elevated AST/ ALT. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anaplasmosis
500
A child can say their first name when asked, put on some loose-fitting clothes, and uses a fork. He cannot unbutton a few buttons, name a few colors, and catch a large ball. Based on this level of development, how old is this child?
3 years of age