Diabetes 101
This condition is described as a chronic autoimmune disorder where the body attacks the cells that produce insulin.
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
this wearable device tracks blood sugar 24/7 and sends real-time updates to a phone/receiver.
What is CGM?
CGM stands for:
What is a continuous glucose monitor?
Camper Jake (age 10) is at archery. His CGM reads 72 mg/dL and he feels shaky. What is the first thing you do AND how many carbs do you give?
Stop activity, have him sit safely. Give 15g rapid-acting carbs (4 tabs) since he is 9 or older. Recheck with a glucometer in 15 minutes.
In T1D, insulin must be taken manually because the body no longer produces it. This organ normally produces insulin.
What is the pancreas?
At camp hyperglycemia is defined as this glucose value or higher.
What is 250 mg/dL?
This insulin system continuously delivers rapid-acting insulin under the skin and is usually changed every 2-3 days.
What is an insulin pump?
What is an AID system?
Automated Insulin Delivery system - a hybrid closed loop system that combines an insulin pump and CGM to automatically adjust insulin delivery based on glucose readings and trends.
You treated Camper Mia (age 7) for hypoglycemia. 15 minutes later her glucometer reads 85 mg/dL. She is about to go to the pool. What do you do next?
Give 8g of fast-acting carbs and will need to repeat treatment.
Insulin turns __________ into fuel for the body.
What are carbohydrates?
Tubed pumps should be removed before this type of activity?
What are water activities?
What is IOB (Insulin on Board)?
This is the amount of insulin from a previous bolus (correction or meal) that is still working in the body. Most insulin pumps use a standard "insulin action time" of about 3-5 hours. Knowing the IOB helps prevent "insulin stacking," which is giving additional correction doses too close together, leading to severe hypoglycemia.
Camper Leo (age 14) just got out of the lake and has a blood sugar of 302 mg/dL. What is the next action?
Have Leo check for ketones.
Name one common hypoglycemic symptom?
What is shaky, confusion, sweating, hunger, lightheaded....
Water-activity rule: if glucose is below this value, treat per hypo protocol and recheck in 15 minutes with a glucometer.
What is <100 mg/dL?
An insulin pump should not be off a camper for man than this long.
What is 1 hour?
What is DKA and what causes it in a person with T1D?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis - a life-threatening condition caused by a severe lack of insulin. Without insulin, the body breaks down fat for energy, producing ketones as a byproduct. Ketones build up in the blood, making it dangerously acidic.
Camper Ben is eating 60g of carbs. His carb ratio is 1:15. His glucose is 220 mg/dL, correction target 150, and correction factor is 50. He is on injections. What is his total insulin dose?
Correction: (220 - 150) / 50 = 70 / 50 = 1.4 units
Total: 4 + 1.4 = 5.4 units --> rounds to 5 units (glucose is >150 so round up if 0.4-0.6, but 0.4 rounds down since it is not less than or equal to 0.5 - 5 units)
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 is an autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys beta cells. Type 2 involves insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production.
If a camper is passed out from a low, we give this emergency medication.
What is Baqsimi or glucagon?
Injections are given before each meal and once at night; at camp, insulin pens are kept here.
What is the clinic?
Bolus insulin vs. Basal insulin. What is the purpose of each?
Bolus insulin: a rapid-acting dose given to cover carbohydrates eaten at a meal or to correct a high blood glucose. Basal insulin: a background insulin (long-acting or pump basal rate) that keeps blood glucose stable between meals and overnight by covering the body's baseline insulin needs.
Camper Marcus (age 9, on injections) is at breakfast. His glucose is 72 mg/dL. He plans to eat 45g of carbs. His carb ratio is 1:15. What do you do?
Glucose is < 80 --> treat for hypoglycemia
Do NOT give insulin yet
Once glucose is > 80, give carb bolus only: 45 / 15 = 3 units