Rhythms & Pacers
What are the 2 rhythms you can defibrillate?
Ventricular Tachycardia & Ventricular Fibrillation
How do you question a patient about their Angina?
Precipitating events
Quality of pain
Radiation
Severity
Timing
What is a CABG?
A coronary artery bypass graph
What are the 2 general valvular issues?
Stenosis & Regurgitation
What is something that is special for Mechanical but not Tissue valve replacements.
They are on lifelong anticoagulants
**Warfarin**
What would you give to treat a patient that is symptomatic and their ECG is showing a rate < 60 bpm?
Atropine
What are the 3 Acute Coronary Syndrome categories?
Unstable Angina, NSTEMI, & STEMI
What is Beck's Triad?
JVD, distant/muffled heart sounds, & HOTN
List the risk factors for a valvular issue.
Degenerative Disease, Rheumatic Fever, Infective Endocarditis, Congenital Malformations, & Marfan Syndrome
What are the 2 bacteria that cause Infective Endocarditis (IE)?
Staph & Strep
If a pt has AFib, what medication class will they take for the rest of their life and why?
Anticoagulants, they are at a higher risk for a clot to become dislodged that can cause a stroke/vascular occlusion
What is the intervention done for a patient experiencing a MI?
Start cardiac monitor, 12 lead EKG, Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin
What are the 2 kinds of aneurysms and what are they at risk for?
AAA & TAA
Rupture & Dissecting
Which left sided valve (Stenosis & Regurgitation) would show AFib on an ECG?
Mitral
What kind of heart inflammation will cause pain to be worse supine & relieved by sitting/leaning forward?
Pericarditis
What rhythm would you try to perform a vagal maneuver on before any other intervention?
SVT
What cardiac enzyme lab should you check for a potential MI that was admitted 3 hours ago for chest pain?
Myoglobin
List some potential complications post CABG.
HOTN, Hyperthermia, HTN, Bleeding, Cardiac Tamponade, Dysrhythmias, Angina, & Decreased LOC
What is a narrowed pulse pressure?
When the systolic & diastolic BP are within 30 mmhg of each other.
What condition is a complication of Pericarditis & a CABG?
Cardiac Tamponade
You see an ECG strip that looks normal but the PR interval is longer than 0.2 seconds; what is it showing & what should your nursing action be?
1st Degree Heart Block; continue monitoring
Name the 4 cardiac enzymes in order of shortest amount of time to longest it takes for it to return to normal.
Myoglobin, CK-MB, Troponin I, & Troponin T
Pt is restless, with ^ RR & HR at 1000.
When you go to back to check on the pt at 1100, they now have HOTN, thready pulses, crackles heard in the lungs, decreased LOC, and cool clammy skin.
What do these assessments show the patient is going into?
Cardiogenic Shock
What is the best diagnostic test to assess valves?
TEE
What will show on an ECG for a pt with Pericarditis?
ST Elevation