The GI System
Which of the following definitions best describes gastritis?
1. Erosion of the gastric mucosa.
2. Inflammation of a diverticulum.
3. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
4. Reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus.
3. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
The nurse is reviewing the healthcare record of a male client scheduled to be seen at the health care clinic. The nurse determines that which of the following individuals is at the greatest risk for the development of an integumentary disorder?
1. An adolescent
2. An older female
3. A physical education teacher
4. An outdoor construction worker
4. An outdoor construction worker
A chemotherapy drug that causes alopecia is prescribed for a patient. Which action should the nurse take to maintain the patient's self-esteem?
1. Tell the patient to limit social contacts until regrowth of the hair occurs.
2. Encourage the patient to purchase a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins.
3. Teach the patient to gently wash hair with a mild shampoo to minimize hair loss.
4. Inform the patient that hair always grows back once the chemotherapy is complete.
2. Encourage the patient to purchase a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins.
Which of the following is a contraindication for digoxin administration?
A client receiving hydrochlorothiazide is instructed to increase her dietary intake of potassium. The best snack for the client requiring increased potassium is:
D. Avocado
A 45-year-old patient with a history of obesity and a family history of pancreatic cancer is scheduled for a routine medical check-up. The nurse is providing education to the patient about strategies to prevent pancreatic disorders. Which of the following recommendations by the nurse is most appropriate for the patient?
1. Alcohol and smoking are ok as long as they are done in moderation.
2. Increase intake of saturated fats to promote pancreatic enzyme secretion.
3. Maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise and balanced diet.
4. Avoid consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants.
3. Maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise and balanced diet.
The nurse is teaching a female client with a leg ulcer about tissue repair and wound healing. Which of the following statements by the client indicates effective teaching?
1. “I’ll limit my intake of protein.”
2. “I’ll make sure that the bandage is wrapped tightly.”
3. “My foot should feel cold.”
4. “I’ll eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.”
4. “I’ll eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.”
A patient with metastatic cancer of the colon experiences severe vomiting following each administration of chemotherapy. Which action, if taken by the nurse, is most appropriate?
1. Have the patient eat large meals when nausea is not present.
2. Offer dry crackers and carbonated fluids during chemotherapy.
3. Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments.
4. Give the patient two ounces of a citrus fruit beverage during treatments.
3. Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments.
When administering an antiarrhythmic agent, which of the following assessment parameters is the most important for the nurse to evaluate?
The nurse is to administer digoxin elixir to a 6-month-old with a congenital heart defect. The nurse auscultates an apical pulse rate of 100 beats per minute. The nurse should:
Which of the following types of diets is implicated in the development of diverticulosis?
1. Low-fiber diet
2. High-fiber diet
3. High-protein diet
4. Low-carbohydrate diet
1. Low-fiber diet
The evening nurse reviews the nursing documentation in the male client’s chart and notes that the day nurse has documented that the client has a stage II pressure ulcer in the sacral area. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note on assessment of the client’s sacral area?
1. Intact skin
2. Full-thickness skin loss
3. Exposed bone, tendon, or muscle
4. Partial-thickness skin loss of the dermis
4. Partial-thickness skin loss of the dermis
A patient who is scheduled for a right breast biopsy asks the nurse the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Which answer by the nurse is correct?
1. "Benign tumors do not cause damage to other tissues."
2. "Benign tumors are likely to recur in the same location."
3. "Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs."
4. "Malignant cells reproduce more rapidly than normal cells."
3. "Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs."
An HIV-positive client who has been started on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) came back for a follow-up checkup. Which of the following will be the most helpful in determining the response to the therapy?
C. Viral load test
A client is sent to the psychiatric unit for forensic evaluation after he is accused of arson. His tentative diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder. In reviewing the client’s record, the nurse would expect to find:
Crohn’s disease can be described as a chronic relapsing disease. Which of the following areas in the GI system may be involved with this disease?
1. The entire length of the large colon.
2. Only the sigmoid area.
3. The entire large colon through the layers of mucosa and submucosa.
4. The small intestine and colon; affecting the entire thickness of the bowel.
4. The small intestine and colon; affecting the entire thickness of the bowel.
The nurse is assessing a male client admitted with second-and third-degree burns on the face, arms, and chest. Which finding is most concerning of a potential problem?
1. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) value of 80 mm Hg
2. Urine output of 20 ml/hour
3. White pulmonary secretions
4. Rectal temperature of 100.1° F
2. Urine output of 20 ml/hour
A hospitalized patient who has received chemotherapy for leukemia develops neutropenia. Which observation by the nurse would indicate a need for further teaching?
1. The patient ambulates several times a day in the room.
2. The patient's visitors bring in some fresh peaches from home.
3. The patient cleans with a warm washcloth after having a stool.
4. The patient uses soap and shampoo to shower every other day.
2. The patient's visitors bring in some fresh peaches from home.
A nurse is about to administer albuterol (Ventolin HFA) 2 puffs and budesonide (Pulmicort Turbohaler) 2 puffs by a metered-dose inhaler. The nurse plans to administer by?
B. Albuterol inhaler first then the budesonide
The physician has ordered dressings with Sulfamylon cream for a client with full-thickness burns of the hands and arms. Before dressing changes, the nurse should give priority to:
Colon cancer is most closely associated with which of the following conditions?
1. Appendicitis
2. Hemorrhoids
3. Hiatal hernia
4. Ulcerative colitis
4. Ulcerative colitis
A male client seen in an ambulatory clinic has a butterfly rash across the nose. The nurse interprets that this finding is consistent with early manifestations of which of the following disorders?
1. Hyperthyroidism
2. Pernicious anemia
3. Cardiopulmonary disorders
4. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
4. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
The nurse reviews the laboratory results of a patient who is receiving chemotherapy. Which laboratory result is most important to report to the health care provider?
1. Hematocrit of 35%
2. Platelets of 150,000/µL
3. Hemoglobin of 10.9 g/L
4. White blood cell (WBC) count of 2,700/µL
4. White blood cell (WBC) count of 2,700/µL
A child was brought to the emergency room complaining of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Upon the interview of the nurse to the mother, the client has been taking a long-term use of acetaminophen. Overdosage of the medication is suspected. Which of the following medications should be readily available?
A client hospitalized with a fractured mandible is to be discharged. Which piece of equipment should be kept on the client with a fractured mandible?