Immuno
What is the difference in immunocompetence and immunodeficiency?
immunocompetence is when the body's immune system can identify or destroy foreign substances, immunodeficiency is when the immune system does not adequately protect the body
How long are transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy?
lifelong
What are health care-associated infections (HAIs)?
What specific labs do we look at to determine HIV? (2)
CD4 and viral load
about how many years from infection till disease becomes full on AIDS
10 years
What are risk factors for autoimmune diseases? (theres 2)
inheritance of susceptibility genes and initiation of autoreactivity by triggers such as an infection
What is the main risk with immunosuppressive therapy? (2)
infection and development of cancers
What are the three most common drug resistant bacteria?
What are the specific lab values of importance for CD4 (these are the numbers that diagnose HIV or AIDS)
under 500 is HIV, under 200 is AIDS
are HIV rapid tests accurate
Yes
What is plasmapheresis and what are the reasons it is used in patients with autoimmune disorders?
removal of plasma containing components causing or thought to have caused disease. So you do it to remove pathologic substances present in the plasma. It prevents antibody rebound
What is triple therapy (when talking immunosuppressive therapy)?
calcineurin inhibitor, a corticosteroid, mycophenolate mofetil
6 ways to decrease risk for antibiotic resistance infections
1. only take antibiotics prescribed to you
2. wash your hands
3. follow directions when taking antibiotics
4. do no request antibiotics for flu or cods
5. finish all your antibiotic
6. do not take leftover antibiotics
This cancer is opportunistic and only seen in HIV patients- lesions appear anywhere on the skin surface or internal organs
Kaposi sarcoma
When talking AIDS/HIV, what do the letters ART stand for?
antiretroviral therapy
Hyperacute happens within 24 hours, acute happens within 6 months
What is graft-versus-host disease?
when an immunoincompetent (immunodeficient) patient receives immunocompetent cells-- in this instance, the graft rejects the host
What are the 4 infection precautions and give an example of each (an illness/disease)
1. standard, most anyone
2. contact (c diff, MRSA, VRE)
3. droplet (flu, meningitis, COVID)
4. airborne (tb)
Whats the difference between HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and HIV postexposure prophylaxis.
preexposure reduces risk for getting HIV, postexposure prophylaxis in combo with ART can significantly reduce risk of infection if a healthcare worker comes in contact with bodily fluids of someone known to have HIV
Is HIV a DNA or an RNA virus?
RNA
What is the treatment for hyperacute and acute organ rejection?
hyperacute- no treatment, must remove organ/tissue
acute- immunosuppressive therapy
What are the target organs of GVHD?
skin, liver and GI tract
What PPE should you wear if your client has c.diff
gloves, gown, mask
Name 4 of the 9 things someone can do to delay disease progression
get nutritional support, moderate or eliminate tobacco, alcohol and drug use, get up to date with vaccinations, get adequate rest and exercise, reduce stress, avoid exposure to new infectious agents, access counseling, get in a support group, develop consistent relationships with HCP's
along with the CD4 count, what are the other 3 diagnostic criteria for AIDS
opportunistic infection, opportunistic cancer and wasting syndrome