Show:
CVA
Diabetes
Respiratory
Cardiac
Thyroid
100
S&S of a left-sided CVA
What are right-sided weakness, decreased intellect, R blindness, cautiousness, anxiety, disorganization, aphasia
100
Desirable A1C level for diabetics
What is an A1C of 6-7%?
100
Most appropriate diet for COPD
What is a high-calorie, high-protein diet?
100
Drugs that lower LDL and triglycerides and slightly raise HDL
What are statin drugs?
100
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
What are heat intolerance, dyspnea, tremors, weight loss, diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, fine hair, changes in menses, tachycardia, palpitations, anxiety (treat these symptoms with beta blockers)
200
S&S of a right CVA
What are left-sided weakness, decreased spatial perception, L blindness, impulsiveness, distraction, carelessness, left-sided neglect (extinction)
200
Signs and symptoms of DKA
What are polydipsia, polyuria, Kussmaul's respirations, fruity breath, N/V, stomach pain, dec. appetite, fatigue, drowsiness, flushed skin Severe hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, and extracellular fluid depletion/electrolyte imbalance without ketone formation but also life-threatening: hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), occurs in type 2 diabetics
200
An expected outcome of pursed-lip breathing
What promotes carbon dioxide elimination?
200
Drugs that lower heart rate and BP, may cause an irritating cough
What are ACE inhibitors?
200
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism
What is Grave's disease? Autoimmune disorder Goiter Exophthalmos Pretibial edema
300
This is a term meaning the inability to move appropriately, as in dressing, writing, and speaking
What is apraxia? Hemiplegia? Hemiparesis?
300
The greatest reason for fluid loss with DKA
What are Kussmaul respirations?
300
Heart failure due to COPD
What is cor pulmonale? -Hypertrophy of the R side of the heart due to pulmonary hypetension -Late manifestation of COPD heart disease -Eventually causes R-sided HF -S&S: dyspnea, distended neck veins, hepatomegaly, peripheral edema, weight gain
300
Three symptoms of left-sided HF
What are pulmonary congestion, rales in both lung bases, SOB, dyspnea, cough, PND, S3, lower U/O during day, nocturia Right-sided: Pulmonary HTN, portal veins have backed up --> enlarged liver, ascites, peripheral edema, JVD, fatigue, weight changes
300
The most serious side-effect of antithyroid medications
What is agranulocytosis/leukopenia? Caused by propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (Tapazole) Watch for S&S infection: inc. temp, chills, c/o sore throat, aches, rash
400
In this type of aphasia, patients cannot understand others' speech- they can speak but tend to make up words, also have difficulty understanding written language.
What is Wernicke's aphasia? Aka receptive aphasia Other: Expressive aphasia - damage in Broca's motor center, pt understands what is said to him/her but cannot speak well, omits words, struggles to write Global aphasia - cannot properly understand or express language Dysarthria - difficulty in muscle control of speech
400
Insulin with a cloudy appearance
What is NPH insulin? Intermediate-acting!
400
An uncontrollable fit of coughing
What is a paroxysmal cough?
400
Three intended effects of morphine in a patient with chest pain
What are: reduces myocardial oxygen consumption, reduces BP and heart rate, reduces anxiety and fear Unintended: May cause respiratory depression
400
Three assessments to make after a thyroidectomy
What are respirations, voice quality (assess for laryngeal nerve damage), signs of hypocalcemia, airway patency (swelling or hemorrhage can obstruct), laryngeal stridor
500
The time window for tPA therapy
What is within 3 hours of S&S of a stroke? t-PA is used only in an ischemic stroke. It dissolves the clot by breaking down fibrin, reestablishing blood flow. Patients must have had no recent surgery or hemorrhage. They must have a CT scan showing only an ischemic stroke with no signs of hemorrhage. Catheter-directed therapy, where tPA is given directly at the site of the clot rather than through the bloodstream, can be done within 6 hours of S&S onset.
500
The peak, onset, and duration for each type of insulin
What is: Rapid acting: 15 minutes, 60-90 minutes, 3-4 hours Regular: 30-60 minutes, 2-3 hours, 3-6 hours NPH: 2-4 hours, 4-10 hours, 10-16 hours Long-acting: 1-2 hours, No peak, 24+ hours
500
Normal ABG ranges for: pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3
What is 7.35-7.45, 35-45 mm Hg, 80-100 mm Hg, 22-26 mEq/L ?
500
Symptoms of digitalis toxicity
What are nausea/vomiting, seeing yellow halos, visual disturbances Also confusion, irregular pulse, palpitations, decreased consciousness, decreased U/O May be due to kidney failure or hypokalemia Monitor pts closely if on K+ losing diuretics and digitalis Therapeutic range: 0.8-2.0 ng/mL Toxic at >2.4 ng/mL
500
Contraction of facial muscle after tapping facial nerve in front of the ear
What is Chvostek's sign? A sign of tetany (hypocalcemia) - caused by hypoparathyroidism (due to thyroid removal, radiation destruction of thyroid, hypomagnesemia) Another sign: Trousseau's sign - hand spasms after a BP cuff is inflated and left in place on arm for 2 minutes