Hypovolemic Shock
What is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock?
Severe blood or fluid loss.
What are the main organisms that cause septic shock?
Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
What are two ways to prevent hypertension?
(1) Maintain a Healthy Weight
(2) Be physically active
(3) Follow a Healthy Eating plan
(4) Drink alcohol moderately
(5) Quit Smoking
What is one symptom of PVD?
Intermittent claudication - the thigh or calf muscles may feel pain when walking or climbing stairs
Leg weakness
The skin on the legs becomes shiny or turns pale or bluish
How do we treat hypovolemic shock?
Normal saline (0.9%) is default. Can also use lactated ringers and plasma expanders such as albumin or synthetic.
What are ways to prevent septic shock?
Get regular vaccinations against viral infections, such as flu, pneumonia, chickenpox, HIV
Practice good hygiene, such as bathing and changing clothes regularly
Care for and clean any open or gaping wounds
How do you indicate primary hypertension?
Systolic <140mmHg
Diastolic < 90mmHg
or taking antihypertensive drugs
What is the cause of ischemic pain in intermittent claudication??
Build-up of lactic acid
In order for hypovolemic shock to occur the patient would need to lose _______% of their blood volume.
15% or more
What happens to Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance in a septic shock patient?
High CO and low SVR
What is the main difference between primary and secondary hypertension in regards to symptoms?
Primary hypertension usually shows no symptoms. That's why it's called the "silent killer".
Secondary hypertension is associated with an underlying cause.
What medication inhibits platelet aggregation and is used on PAD patients?
Aspirin or clopidogrel (Plavix)
What is an example of a compensatory Sympathetic Nervous System response to hypovolemic shock?
Increased heart rate
OR
Increased respiratory rate and depth
True or False: Septic shock causes system wide vasodilation which leads to an increase in systemic vascular resistance. In addition, septic shock causes increased capillary permeability and clot formation in the microcirculation throughout the body.
False, there is a DECREASED systemic vascular resistance in septic shock due to vasodilation
What is an example of a target organ disease occurring in the heart?
Coronary Artery Disease
OR
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
OR
Heart failure
A client comes to the outpatient clinic and tells the nurse that he has had legs pains that begin when he walks but cease when he stops walking. Which of the following conditions would the nurse assess for?
Peripheral vascular problems in both legs like intermittent claudication