Pulmonary
Which of the following is the key underlying feature of asthma?
a) irreversible lung damage
b)fluid retention
c) alveolar infection
d) inflammation
What is d) inflammation?
Which of the following characteristics noted on a patient’s pathology report is consistent with a malignant neoplasm? The presence of:
A.diploid chromosomes
B.encapsulated cells
C.small nuclei
D.poorly differentiated cells
What is D.poorly differentiated cells?
Lispro (Humalog)
Aspart (Novolog)
Glargine (Lantus)
What are these medications and do they drive blood glucose up or down?
What are insulins?
They drive blood glucose down.
An older adult client who lives alone tells the nurse at the clinic that he is unable to drive himself to the store and is afraid to cook on the stove. The nurse should recommend which of the following community resources for this client?
1.Hospice care.
2.Meals on Wheels.
3.Visiting nurse services.
4.The American Association of Retired Persons.
What is Meals on Wheels?
2. Meals on Wheels
•Meals on Wheels is a service that delivers meals daily to older adults who need them, either at senior centers or directly to their homes. This is an appropriate referral for this client. Hospice care is palliative care for clients who are very ill or terminally ill. Visiting nurse services provide skilled nursing care in the client's home. The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) is a national organization for people over 50 years old. It does not provide health care.
An autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by fluctuating motor weakness involving ocular, bulbar, limb, and/or respiratory muscles. The weakness is due to an antibody-mediated, immunologic attack directed at proteins in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction (acetylcholine receptors or receptor-associated proteins).
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
Which medications should the nurse prepare to administer to a patient with status asthmaticus?
1) iv corticosteroid
2) inhaled corticosteroid
3) inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist
4) leukotriene modifier
What are...
1) iv corticosteroid
3) inhaled short acting beta 2 agonist
(IV corticosteroid will systemically calm down the inflammation cascade; the inhaled short acting beta 2 agonist will relax bronchial smooth muscle.
inhaled corticosteroids are used as control medications (not rescue medications), leukotriene modifier such as montelukast affect the inflammatory process which contribute to s/s of asthma but is a maintenance not rescue medication.
A characteristic of the stage of progression in the development of cancer is:
A.Initial oncogenic viral transformation of the target cell.
B.Period of potentially reversible growth facilitated by exposure to carcinogens.
C.Period of dormancy before the clinical detection of cancer.
D.Proliferation of cancer cells despite host control mechanisms.
What is D.Proliferation of cancer cells despite host control mechanisms.?
increase or decrease?
Steroids can increase blood glucose
A nurse is administering an oral medication to an older adult client. The client states, "The pill I always take is green. I don't take an orange pill." Which of the following nursing responses is appropriate?
1."Sometimes the same pill comes in a different color.”
2."Let me explain the purpose of the medication.“
3."I will check your medication orders again.“
4."This is the medication that your doctor wants you to take."
What is...
3. "I will check your medication orders again.“
The appropriate nursing response is to check the provider's original medication order to avoid a medication error.
a relentlessly progressive, presently incurable neurodegenerative disorder that causes muscle weakness, disability, and eventually death
What is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ?
Which is the most important point the nurse should teach to decrease the risk of COPD?
a)participate in regular exercise
b)maintain a high protein diet
c) avoid exposure to people with respiratory infections
d) abstain from cigarette smoking
What is
d) abstain from cigarette smoking?
What is the most common risk factor of cancer?
a) Race/Ethnicity
B) Increased Age
c) Diet high in animal fats
What is b) increased age?
Antibodies can be detected.
The onset is abrupt.
The body produces no endogenous insulin.
Usually occurs in children and teens but can occur at any age.
Necessitates exogenous insulin.
European Americans have a higher rate than Asian Americans.
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is hospitalized. At bedtime, the client says, "I am afraid that I may fall while walking to the bathroom during the night. I tend to get a bit disoriented in new surroundings." The nurse should:
1.limit the client's fluid intake in the evening.
2.obtain a bedside commode for the client's use.
3.leave a night-light on in the client's room.
4.put the side rails up and tell the client to call the nurse before voiding.
What is...
3. leave a night-light on in the client's room.
•This is an appropriate action for keeping the client safe. Night vision may be impaired in older adult clients. If the client awakens in the night, a night-light may help the client to recognize the surroundings and decrease the likelihood of disorientation. It will also help to decrease the possibility of a fall on the way to the bathroom because the path will be illuminated and the client will be less likely to trip over objects in the room.
Infected cells fuse with CD4+ T cells, leading to spread of the virus. Once virus enters the blood, there is widespread dissemination to organs such as the brain, spleen, and lymph nodes. At the time of initial infection, patients have a large number of susceptible CD4+ T cells and no specific immune response & therefore viral replication is therefore rapid
What is HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)?
Which statement is true concerning oxygen administration to a patient with COPD?
a) Administration of oxygen is contraindicated with bronchodilator use
OR
b) High oxygen concentrations may inhibit the hypoxic stimulus to breathe.
What is...
b) High oxygen concentrations may inhibit the hypoxic stimulus to breathe.
Which of the following modifiable risk factors place the patient at higher than normal risk for cancer?
(Select all that apply):
A.Tobacco use
B.African American race
C.Excessive alcohol use
D.Family history of cancer
E.Age greater than 55 years old
F.Occupational exposure to asbestos
What is:
a) tobacco use
c) excessive alcohol use
f) occupational exposure to asbestos
*key word in this question is MODIFIABLE risk factors
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client understands the teaching when he identifies which of the following as manifestations of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.)
a) polyuria
b) blurred vision
c) polydipsia
d) tachycardia
e) moist clammy skin
What are...
b) blurred vision
d) tachycardia
e) moist clammy skin
[a) polyuria and c) polydipsia are symptoms of hyperglycemia]
A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who has undergone outpatient cataract surgery with insertion of an intraocular lens. Which of the following should the nurse include?
1.For discomfort take aspirin.
2.Restrict lifting objects greater than ten pounds.
3.Reduction of vision after surgery is normal.
4.Apply warm compresses for discomfort.
What is....
2.Restrict lifting objects greater than ten pounds.
•The information the nurse should include is to restrict lifting objects greater than ten pounds, which may cause an increase in intraocular pressure. The nurse should instruct the client to take acetaminophen, not aspirin, for discomfort. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation which may increase bleeding. A reduction of vision after surgery is not normal and the client needs to notify the surgeon immediately. The nurse should instruct the client to apply cool, not warm, compress for discomfort.
A chronic autoimmune disease of unknown cause that can affect virtually any organ of the body. Immunologic abnormalities, especially the production of a number of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), are a prominent feature of the disease.
What is SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)?
What symptoms should the nurse teach a patient with COPD to assess for regarding right sided heart failure?
a) increased appetite
or
b) peripheral edema
b) Peripheral edema?
An example of a primary prevention strategy for reducing cancer risk would be:
A.Encouraging a patient to have a yearly mammogram.
B.Teaching a group of adults about smoking cessation.
C.Encouraging a patient to consume a diet high meats.
D.Teaching a group of adults about how to manage cancer-related symptoms.
What is B.Teaching a group of adults about smoking cessation.?
Is this Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes?
Complications may be well underway before diagnosis.
The body is usually overweight.
Insulin resistance is the background.
Autoimmunity IS NOT a factor.
The body cannot use the insulin it makes.
Hispanic Americans have a higher rate than European Americans.
May control this type with diet and exercise alone.
Usually occurs in older people but can occur at any age.
Metabolic Syndrome is a risk factor.
What is type 2 diabetes?
A nurse is providing education for a client who has glaucoma. Which of the following statements is appropriate?
1."Without treatment glaucoma can cause blindness.“
2."Double vision is a common symptom of glaucoma.“
3."Glaucoma results from inadequate production of fluid within the eye.“
4."You will need to treat glaucoma by instilling eye drops once a week."
What is ....
1."Without treatment glaucoma can cause blindness.“
•The nurse should explain that without treatment glaucoma can result in blindness due to irreversible damage to the retina and optic nerve. The nurse should explain that a gradual loss of visual fields, rather than double vision, is a common symptom of glaucoma and is the result of increased intraocular pressure. The primary treatment for glaucoma includes the instillation of eye drops on an every 12 hr schedule.