Skin & Wound Basics
Name two classic local signs of acute inflammation seen around a wound.
What are redness and swelling? (Also heat, pain, loss of function.)
This closed-suction drain uses a squeezable bulb to create negative pressure.
What is a Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain?
Name the immune system’s three “R’s” (functions) highlighted in review.
What are recognition, response, and memory?
What do the letters C-S-M stand for in distal neurovascular checks?
What are circulation, sensation, and motion?
Landmark sequence to measure NG insertion length.
What is tip-to-nose → earlobe → xiphoid?
Put these wound-healing phases in order: maturation, hemostasis, proliferation, and inflammation.
What is hemostasis → inflammatory → proliferation → maturation?
For active bleeding from a surgical site, the first dressing you apply is this.
What is a firm pressure dressing?
First leukocytes to arrive during acute inflammation; “left shift” shows more of their immature forms.
What are neutrophils (bands)?
Name any two of the “6 Ps” suggesting compartment syndrome.
What are pain (out of proportion), pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, and pressure?
Gold standard to verify small-bore feeding tube placement before first use.
What is radiography (X-ray)?
This term means partial or complete separation of a surgical incision after closure.
What is dehiscence?
Give two things you chart when monitoring drain output.
What are the amount and character/colour (e.g., serous, sanguineous) — and trend over time?
The ideal end of inflammation is once the threat is eliminated.
What is resolution/return to homeostasis?
wo common fracture complications other than infection.
What are DVT/PE and nonunion/malunion (also fat embolism, neurovascular injury, skin breakdown)?
Head-of-bed position during and after feeding to lower aspiration risk.
What is 30–45° during feeding and 30–60 minutes after?
Low levels of this protein increase pressure-injury risk and delay healing.
What is albumin?
Comfort move before wound/drain care that helps tolerance.
What is pre-medicated with an ordered analgesic 30 minutes before?
Two wound signs that should prompt a culture.
What are increased redness/warmth and purulent drainage/odour (or non-healing)?
One advantage and one disadvantage of staples vs sutures.
What are faster application but possibly greater discomfort/scarring?
One candidate profile that fits short-term nasoenteric feeding.
What is an older adult with failure to thrive who can digest/absorb but cannot safely ingest?
Before changing a dressing, list two high-priority prep steps besides hand hygiene.
What are the steps for verifying order/allergies and pre-medicate/assess pain (also gather supplies, ID patient, explain, set up field)?
On a fresh post-op dressing, you see increasing bright-red drainage. First priority?
What is the assessment of vital signs, the process of reinforcing the dressing, and the notification to the surgeon?
Three patient factors to optimize for wound healing success.
What are pain control, nutrition/hydration (protein, fluids), and perfusion/glucose control (plus off-loading & asepsis)?
Name one traction complication and one contraindication listed in the review.
What are skin breakdown/infection (complication) and open fractures or severe skin disease (contraindication)?
Two policy-level tubing/bag “special considerations” you must follow.
What are the verified placements, use clean techniques, change the set/bag at least every 24 hours, limit hang time, and document I&O?