Anatomy
What parts of the heart act like doors to prevent backflow into chambers of the heart?
Valves
What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
Inflammation of the serous pericardium is known as
Pericarditis
What is a pacemaker cell?
A cell found in heart tissue that can spontaneously generate action potentials
Pulmonary arteries carry what kind of blood? (oxygenated/deoxygenated)
deoxygenated
Which valves are open during ventricular ejection (late ventricular systole)?
Aortic and pulmonic
What is coronary artery disease?
Plaque buildup in the walls of coronary arteries
List the pathway of electrical conduction in the heart
SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle Branches → Purkinje fibers
What is the most abundant component of blood?
Plasma
Diastolic murmurs are often secondary to?
Regurgitation
A patient with alcoholism, obesity, and a heavy sodium diet presents with blurred vision and fatigue. What should you be sure to do at this visit based on this presentation?
Check blood pressure
skeletal muscle cell AP: much shorter, requires nervous system innervation, no plateau after depolarization
Name three contents of the mediastinum.
Esophagus
Trachea
Heart
Large arteries and veins
Thymus
Diaphragm
During a cardiac action potential, the cell first becomes....
Depolarized
What are three causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Alcohol
Toxins (poisons and heavy metals)
Complications during the last months of pregnancy
Coronary heart disease
Heart attack
High blood pressure
Thyroid disease
Diabetes
Viral infections of the heart
Heart valve abnormalities
Illegal drugs and some medications
Describe what each wave/complex of the EKG represents
P wave- atrial depolarization
QRS complex- ventricular depolarization/atrial repolarization
T wave- ventricular repolarization
If the tricuspid valve stopped working, what would occur?
Blood will not be able to enter the right ventricle
Stuck in right atrium
The first heart sound "lub" is a result of...
Atrioventricular valves closing
What is patent ductus arteriosus?
The defect connects the aorta with the pulmonary artery. This allows oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the pulmonary artery.
A patient has damaged purkinje fibers, what function would be affected?