Anatomy and Function
This is the light-coloured, superficial region of the kidney.
Renal cortex
This is the first of the three major steps of urine formation, where plasma is removed from the glomerular capillaries to form filtrate.
Glomerular filtration
This term is used to describe the volume of filtrate formed by the glomeruli per minute, with a healthy range of approximately 110–125 mL/min.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
This division of the nervous system controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscle.
somatic nervous system
If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?
Cell shrinks
This is the structural and functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, with approximately one million found in each kidney.
Nephron
This process returns useful substances such as glucose, amino acids and most water and salts from the filtrate back into the blood.
Tubular reabsorption
When blood pressure increases, what intrinsic autoregulatory mechanism causes the afferent arteriole to constrict.
Myogenic Mechanism
Unlike the somatic motor pathway, this division uses a two-neuron pathway between the CNS and its effector organ.
autonomic nervous system
There are three fluid volumes of the body. The fluid component outside of the blood between the cells is?
Interstitial Fluid
This structure is a tuft of capillaries specialised for filtration and forms approximately 165–180 L of filtrate per day.
Glomerulus
This is the process that selectively adds substances from the blood into the tubular fluid, essentially acting as the reverse of reabsorption.
Tubular secretion
These specialised cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus sense NaCl and participate in tubuloglomerular feedback.
Macula densa cells
This division of the autonomic nervous system originates from the thoracolumbar region and has ganglia located close to the spinal cord.
sympathetic nervous system
Glycolysis generates a net number of how many ATP?
2
These nephrons make up approximately 15–20% of nephrons and have long loops of Henle that deeply invade the medulla.
Juxtamedullary nephrons
These three structures make up the filtration membrane of the glomerulus.
Fenestrated endothelium, the basement membrane and podocytes
This hormone increases water retention by stimulating aquaporin insertion into the collecting duct wall.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
This division has a craniosacral origin and typically has long preganglionic neurons and short postganglionic neurons.
parasympathetic nervous system
The Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter is an example of what type of transport?
Secondary Active Transport
This is one of the seven major functions of the kidney and involves activating which vitamin?
Vitamin D
What is the equation shown in the lecture that is used to solve Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) i.e NFP = …
NFP = HPg − (OPg + HPc) (= Glomerular hydrostatic pressure – (Blood colloid osmotic pressure + Capsular hydrostatic pressure)
This recycling process increases the osmotic gradient of the renal medulla and helps the kidney produce highly concentrated urine.
Urea recycling
A patient suddenly experiences increased heart rate, pupil dilation, bronchodilation and reduced gastrointestinal activity. This division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the overall response.
sympathetic nervous system
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
Inner mitochondrial membrane