Privacy
The context in which appropriation cases usually arise.
What is commercial (ads, merchandise, etc.)?
Despite Citizens United, the amount of money a corporation or union can give directly to a federal candidate's campaign.
What is zero?
Where a material statement or omission is made that is likely to mislead a reasonable consumer.
What is deception?
Besides Wyoming, the only jurisdiction to have not adopted some form of shield law.
What is the U.S. (federal) Government?
Lifetime plus 70 years.
What is the duration of an individual's copyright?
Requires a highly offensive invasion of a place where someone has a reasonable expectation of privacy.
What is intrusion?
The amount of money an individual can donate annually to a Super PAC.
What is unlimited?
This type of speech is treated somewhere between the most protected forms of speech and unprotected speech.
What is commercial speech?
This case found a limited right for the press and public to attend criminal trials in the First Amendment.
What is Richmond Newspapers Inc v. Virginia?
The two requirements needed to show copyright infringement.
What are access and substantial similarity?
This tort requires publicizing a highly offensive depiction of someone in an untrue manner and requires a showing of fault.
What is false light?
The two primary regulations the FCC places on broadcasters regarding campaign/political speech.
What are Reasonable Access and Equal Opportunity (or Equal Time)?
These rules require that employment, relationships, and payments be disclosed to consumers, even in character-limited social media contexts.
What are the FTC's Endorsement Guidelines?
The constitutional amendment upon which a reporter can rely on to entitle them access to disaster scenes, accidents, and prisons.
What is None!?
Required where you want to sue for copyright infringement in federal court.
What is registration (of your copyright)?
A term, left to a jury to measure, which a private facts plaintiff must show in addition to showing that private information, not of legitimate public concern, has been widely publicized.
What is "highly offensive to a reasonable person?"
Ads or promotional materials that may oppose or support issues or candidates but are not coordinated with the candidate.
What are independent ads?
The case that established that even price information, as purely commercial speech, had value to consumers worthy of some level of constitutional protection.
What is VA State Board of Pharmacy v. VA Citizens Consumer Council?
This case held that gagging the press from reporting on what they hear at a trial is presumptively unconstitutional.
What is Nebraska Press Assoc. v. Stuart?
Generally, the owner of works created in the course of employment.
Who is the employer?
The case which found that even where remarks were highly offensive, the fact that they were outrageous and unbelievable meant that a public figure couldn't prove intentional infliction of emotional distress.
What is Hustler Magazine v. Falwell?
Section of the tax code describing an organization that allows corporate donors to avoid disclosing their contributions to SuperPACs
What is 26 USC 501(c)(4)?
Whether the regulation is more extensive than necessary.
What is the fourth prong of the Central Hudson test?
This Justice's dissent, in this case, now forms the basis for many state shield laws.
Who is Justice Stewart in Branzburg v. Hayes?
Looks at whether the use is commercial, educational, transformative, for research or for parody.
What is the Purpose prong of the Fair Use Test?