ENDOCRINE
Patient with polyuria, polydipsia, fruity breath, and Kussmaul respirations is most likely experiencing what condition?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hypotension with warm, flushed skin and bounding pulses early in shock is most consistent with what type?
Distributive shock
Sudden unilateral weakness, facial droop, and slurred speech should be treated as what emergency?
Acute ischemic stroke
Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and decreased LOC indicate overdose of what drug class?
Opioids
Hives, wheezing, and hypotension after a bee sting represent what life-threatening reaction?
Anaphylaxis
A patient with adrenal insufficiency who becomes hypotensive, weak, and hypoglycemic during illness is in what life-threatening state?
Addisonian (adrenal) crisis
Massive internal bleeding following trauma most commonly produces what type of shock?
Hypovolemic shock
A seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes is defined as what condition?
Status epilepticus
Diaphoresis, salivation, vomiting, and bronchorrhea describe what toxidrome?
Cholinergic
First-line medication for anaphylaxis is what drug?
Epinephrine
Severe hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, and altered mental status in a known hypothyroid patient indicates what condition?
Myxedema coma
Chest pain, pulmonary edema, hypotension, and cool clammy skin after an MI suggests what shock state?
Cardiogenic shock
Severe headache, vomiting, decreasing level of consciousness, and unequal pupils suggests what life-threatening process?
Increased intracranial pressure
Hot, dry skin, dilated pupils, urinary retention, and tachycardia describe what toxidrome?
Anticholinergic
A patient with suspected infection and hypotension after fluids is experiencing what immune-mediated condition?
Septic shock
High fever, tachycardia, agitation, and diaphoresis in a patient with known hyperthyroidism suggests what endocrine emergency?
Thyroid storm
Hypotension, jugular venous distention, muffled heart sounds, and narrowing pulse pressure indicate what obstructive cause?
Cardiac tamponade
Bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations together represent what classic triad?
Cushing’s triad
Wide-complex tachycardia, hypotension, and seizures after antidepressant ingestion suggests overdose of what drug class?
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Loss of immune function leading to increased opportunistic infections is termed what?
Immunosuppression
Long-term steroid use suppresses what gland, placing patients at risk for adrenal crisis when steroids are abruptly stopped?
Adrenal glands (via suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)
Despite large-volume crystalloid administration, a septic patient remains hypotensive. What medication class is now indicated?
Vasopressors (e.g., norepinephrine)
A patient with spinal cord injury and hypotension, bradycardia, and warm dry skin is experiencing what type of shock?
Neurogenic shock
An altered patient with severe metabolic acidosis and visual disturbances after unknown ingestion may have taken what substance?
Methanol
Failure of the immune system to recognize self-antigens, attacking normal tissues, is known as what process?
Autoimmune disease