Skeletal System
What is the difference between a ligament and a tendon...
Ligament: bone to bone connection
Tendon: bone to muscle connection
What are the three specific types of muscle tissue...
Skeletal muscles
Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles
Contrast white and grey matter of nervous tissue...
Grey: surrounds brain, nonmyelinated, where information is processed
White: myeliated, is outside
Describe a "hormone" and how it functions in the body...
Chemical messages that are released into the bloodstream
The four different types of of tissues are...
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous
Give an example of one specific bone for each shape classification...
Long bones: Femur, radius, ulna, ect.
Short bones: Tarsals, carpals, ect.
Flat bones: scapula
Irregular bones: vertebrae
Bonus --> Sesamoid bones: patella
Describe the four characteristics of muscle tissue...
Elasticity
Excitability
Extendability
Contractability
Contrast the structures and functions of the central nervous system (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
CNS: Contains the brain and spinal cord
PNS: Nerves extending out from CNS
Contrast Hypo-secretion and Hyper-secretion...
Hypo: too little
Hyper: too much
The four basic types of membranes are...
1. Mucous
2. Serous
3. Synovial
4. Cutaneous
Describe and label 5 structures of a long bone
See booklet pg 20
Describe the sliding-filament theory of muscle contraction...
Actin (the thin filament) hooks onto Myosin (the thick filament) and Myosin pulls the two together.
Define efferent and afferent neurons...
efferent: takes impulses out towards muscles
afferent: takes impulses towards the brain
Which two main glands are found in the midbrain...
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Name and describe 2 diseases and disorders of the Integumentary system
Acne, Skin Cancer (Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, Malignant melanoma), Decubitus ulcers (bed sores), Eczema, Lesions, Burns.
Name and describe 3 diseases or disorders of the skeletal system...
Herniated discs: stretched or ruptured disk that puts pressure onto nerves.
Osteoarthritis: Joint degeneration
Osteoporosis: Decrease of bone mass
Scoliosis: lateral curvature
Kyphosis: hunchback
Lordosis: swayback
Spina bifida: incomplete formation of spinal column in infants
RA: attacks joint lining; is an autoimmune disease
Fractures, Sprains, Strains:
Name each of the 4 quadriceps muscles or each of the 3 hamstring muscles...
Quads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
Hamstrings: Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brain Stem, Diencephelon
Which gland produces and stores 9 hormones including Human Growth Hormone (HGH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and ACTH
The Pituitary gland
Describe what a gland is and the two types...
One or more highly specialized epithelial cells.
Exocrine glands: Into a duct or structure
Endocrine glands: Into blood or into a passage way
Name and describe 3 bone markings
Foramen: hole or opening
Meatus: tube like passage within a bone
Sinus: lined mucous membrane (reduces weight)
Fossa: depression or groove in a bone
Condyle: a large round prominence on a bone (goes into fossa)
Tuberosity: attachment point for muscles/tendons/ligaments
Trochanter: (Only femur) muscle attachment point
Tubercle: muscle attachment site
Process: growth from a bone being pulled
Name and describe 2 diseases and disorders of the muscular system
Fibromyaligia: hypersensitivity to stimuli
Muscular Dystrophy: muscle destroying diseases characterized by the breaking down of individual muscle fibers
Shin Splints
Sprains and Strains
Name and define 2 diseases and disorders of the nervous system...
ALS, Alzheimer's, Bacterial Meningitis, Cerebral Palsy, Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Parkinson's, CVA/stroke
Name and describe 3 diseases and disorders of the lymphatic system...
Dwarfism, Gigantism, Acromegaly, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Diabetes, Cushing's syndrome
Draw and label 7 Integumentary structures