Medical Complications in Inpatient Rehab

Diabetes Mellitus

100

The "diabetes" type due to head injuries or fractures in or near sella turcica

Diabetes Insipidus
-->injury to pituitary gland leading to disruption of ADH secretion from posterior pituitary

200

Treatment of Diabetes Insipidus

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

300

The most common cause of a femoral neuropathy

Diabetic amyotrophy

-Femoral neuropathy can also be caused by polyradiculopathy and lumbar plexopathy which can involve adductors and iliopsoas

400

Etiology: injury from abnormality of vaso-nevorum due to DM, can also be from market weight loss

Diabetic Amyotrophy

500

This condition is causing a patient to have asymmetric thigh pain, knee extension weakness and atrophy and loss of patellar reflex

Diabetic Amyotrophy

SCI

100

Injury at THESE LEVELS cause severely impaired cough mechanism

C3-C5
-Diaphrahm is intact and expiratory muscles are paralyzed
--Abdominal contents may sad downward and outward due to greater strength of diaphragm relative to weakness of abdominal wall muscles
-->Decreases vital capacity and diaphragmatic excursion

200

This occurs due to a lack of sympathetic outlfor and triggered by tilting patient upright >60deg
A transient reflex depression

Orthostatic Hypotension

300

Treatment for Orthostatic Hypotension in SCI

1. Reposition back toward trendelenberg
2. Elastic stockings
3. Abdominal binders
4. Fluids
5. Medications-salt tablets, midodrine, florinef

400

SUPER HIGH YIELD:
Signs/Symptoms of Orthostatic Hypotension vs. Autonomic Dysreflexia

Orthostatic Hypotension:
-tachycardia, light headedness/dizziness, syncope

Autonomic Dysreflexia
-bradycardia (usually)
-headache
-Sweating and flushing above level of SCI
-Piloerection
-Puillary constriction
-Sinus congestion

500

SUPER HIGH YIELD:

The goal of pulmonary rehab in SCI patients

Increase vital capacity

COPD

100

This happens to airway resistance due to bronchospasms (air trapping)

INCREASES

200

Possible mismatching in perfusion-BLANK results in hypoxemia

ventilation

300

Diaphragm findings on CXR

flattening

400

Total and residual lung volumes increase or decrease

Increase

500

The only proven therapy for mortality in Emphysema

Oxygen

COPD-diseases

100

Hypertrophy of bronchial muscles
Mucosal edema and infiltration with eosinophils and mononuclear cells which cause changes in basement membrane

Asthma

200

-Autosomal recessive
-Defect in Chloride ion channels
-Failure to adequately remove secretions from bronchioles
-->leading to widespread bronchiolar obstruction and subsequent bronchiectasis, hyperinflation and infection

Cystic Fibrosis

300

-Distention of air spaces distal to the terminal nonrespiratory bronchioles with destruction of alveolar walls

-leads to loss of lung recoil and decreased gas exchange

Bronchitis

400

Chronic BLANK causes tracheobronchial mucous gland enlargement

Bronchitis

500

SUPER HIGH YIELD:
This is known to help to increase sputum exectoration, increase in ciliary beat with improved mucous transport

Aerobic exercise

Restrictive Lung Disease

100

Effect of restrictive lung disease to FEV1

Reduced or Normal

200

Intrinsic causes
(stiffness or scarring inside lung parenchyma)

Asbestos, sarcoidosis, silicoses, hypersensitivity pneumonitis

300

Extrinsic causes (factors outside of the lung)

-Thoracic deformities, Kyphoscoliosis
-Pleural disease (ex-malignant mesothelioma)
-Cervical SCI
-Ankylosing spondylitis
-Obesity

400

This X-linked recessive condition causes atelectasis secondary to hypoventilation and/or pneumonia

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

500

The most common motor neuron disease that causes respiratory failure

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)