Constructing Disease
What is the classification of disease?
Nosology
What were the first secular medical texts?
The Hippocratic Corpus
What medical development created new ethical dilemmas about sustaining life by the mid-20th century? The textbook describes Pope Pius XII's conclusion on the use of (these).
Respirators
What is the trend in which death by chronic disease exceeds death by infectious disease?
epidemiologic transition
Who was the psychiatrist who pioneered the famous "five stages of dying" in her book On Death and Dying (1969)?
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
What is the turning of normal life events into diseases?
Medicalization
What did Andreas Vesalius do?
Wrote De humani corporus fabrica in 1543, the accurate anatomy text.
What did Leopold Auenbrugger do?
This physician discovered two methods of listening for chest disease: percussive diagnosis and "auscultation". The textbook pairs him with Morgagni (from ch 2) as anticipators of modern science's prioritization of the empirical method over the subjective patient narrative.
What was the common belief of the cause of the Black Death at the time that it occurred?
miasma
The modern hospice movement was founded in the 1960s by this English nurse, social worker, and physician.
Cicely Saunders
Who discovered disease is LOCALIZED through
CASE STUDIES + CLINICAL OBSERVATION and 700 AUTOPSIES! Sorted by body part / organ
divided into 5 books?
Giovanni Morgagni
What country was home to the most advanced medical education during the renaissance?
Italy (Bologna and Padua)
What did Joseph Lister do?
Hint: A famous mouthwash brand is named after him.
This surgeon's "Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery" (1867) introduced antiseptics into surgery. He is famous for using carbolic acid as an antiseptic agent and urging surgeons to adopt cleaner surgical practices.
Name the innovations in public health during the Roman Empire?
latrines, sewer systems, aquaducts
This term, translating to "the art of dying", is described in the textbook as a way artists offered consolation and practical guidance for the dying. It can be understood as instructions on how to die a "good death".
Ars Moriendi
Who developed the Cell Theory of Disease and was an
Expert with the MICROSCOPE?
OMNIS CELLULA A CELLULA = “every cell from a cell”?
Rudolf Virchow
What was the first medical school in the US Colonies, opened in 1765?
University of Pennsylvania Medical School
What did Rene Laennec do?
This physician invented the stethoscope in 1816, allowing him to listen to heart sounds much more distinctly by putting his ear to the patient's chest.
Once human beings began living in sedentary societies (no longer hunters and gatherers), why did infectious disease become a threat to them?
Humans lived in greater concentration to one another.
This artistic genre or allegory emphasized the universality of death. An example of this would be an artwork of death personified leading both a medieval prince and peasant in a procession to their graves.
Danse Macabre
Who believed in cure by SIMILITUDE: “like cures like” instead of Hippocratics for whom “contraries cure”.
Was also the Father of toxicology and rejected humoral theory?
Paracelsus
Who published a critical assessment of 155 Medical Schools from the United States and Canada?
Hint: NOT a doctor—an expert in education
Abraham Flexner
what did William Morton do?
This American dentist gave the first public demonstration of ether as a general anesthetic, which led to the widespread adoption of anesthesia in surgical practice.
What disease had fever, headache, red eyes, sore throats, extreme thirst, and restlessness, progressing to vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, and sometimes blindness or skin sores. Victims often sought to submerge themselves in water to cool their burning sensations.
Who recorded these symptoms?
These are the symptoms of the Plague of Athens, as documented by Thucydides,
This pathologist was convicted of second-degree murder in 1999 for their role in a euthanasia case. They claimed to have helped as many as 130 terminally ill patients die.
Jack Kevorkian