Diabetes
Being overweight, physically inactive, and having a family history of diabetes are major risk factors for this type of diabetes.
a) Type 1 diabetes
b) Type 2 diabetes
c) Gestational diabetes
d) Insulin resistance syndrome
b) Type 2 diabetes
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
a) Nephron
b) Ureter
c) Glomerulus
d) Alveoli
a) Nephron
Celiac disease is a gastrointestinal disorder triggered by:
a) Excessive alcohol consumption
b) The ingestion of gluten
c) Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine
d) A lack of fiber in the diet
b) The ingestion of gluten
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases the risk of:
a) Colon cancer
b) Skin cancer
c) Liver cancer
d) Breast cancer
b) Skin cancer
What are prehypertensive patients not recommended to do?
a) lose weight
b) increase consumption of fruits, vegetables and low-fat diary
c) Increase consumption of processed and high-sodium foods
d) reduced salt, total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol intake
c) Increase consumption of processed and high-sodium foods
The medical term for high blood sugar levels.
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Hyperglycemia
c) Glycogenosis
d) Ketoacidosis
b) Hyperglycemia
Which hormone, produced by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell production?
a) Insulin
b) Aldosterone
c) Erythropoietin
d) Glucagon
c) Erythropoietin
Parenteral nutrition is delivered through:
a) A nasogastric tube
b) An oral supplement
c) An intravenous (IV) catheter
d) A jejunostomy tube
c) An intravenous (IV) catheter
Obesity is a known risk factor for which of the following cancers?
a) Colorectal cancer
b) Breast cancer
c) Esophageal cancer
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it:
a) Increases cholesterol build-up in the arteries
b) Converts LDL cholesterol into triglycerides
c) Raises blood pressure
d) Helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream
d) Helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream
The process of breaking down glucose:
a) Ketogenesis
b) Gluconeogenesis
c) Glycogenolysis
d) Glycolysis
d) Glycolysis
The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by controlling levels of:
a) Calcium and potassium
b) Water and sodium
c) Glucose and insulin
d) Protein and fat
b) Water and sodium
A high-protein, low-carbohydrate enteral formula would be most appropriate for a patient who:
a) Is recovering from a major surgery with a need for wound healing
b) Has a chronic renal condition with fluid restrictions
c) Needs to lose weight
d) Has a hyperglycemic crisis
a) Is recovering from a major surgery with a need for wound healing
A malignant tumor differs from a benign tumor in that it:
a) Does not grow or spread to other parts of the body
b) Can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to other organs
c) Is always harmless and does not require treatment
d) Only forms in the skin
b) Can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to other organs
High blood pressure (hypertension) contributes to atherosclerosis by:
a) Damaging the blood vessel walls, making it easier for plaque to accumulate
b) Increasing the levels of HDL cholesterol
c) Lowering the risk of cholesterol buildup
d) Preventing blood clots
a) Damaging the blood vessel walls, making it easier for plaque to accumulate
Which cells produce the hormone glucagon?
a) pancreatic alpha cells
b) pancreatic beta cells
c) pancreatic gamma cells
d) pancreatic delta cells
a) pancreatic alpha cells
Which type of dialysis uses a membrane in the abdominal cavity to filter waste?
a) Hemodialysis
b) Plasma exchange
c) Continuous renal replacement therapy
d) Peritoneal dialysis
b) Plasma exchange
In the management of Crohn's disease, a patient may benefit from:
a) A high-fiber diet to promote bowel regularity
b) A gluten-free diet to reduce inflammation
c) A low-residue or low-fiber diet to minimize irritation in the intestines
d) A low-protein diet to reduce nitrogen buildup
c) A low-residue or low-fiber diet to minimize irritation in the intestines
Crohn's disease
inflammation: becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful
Radiation therapy is often used in cancer treatment to:
a) Shrink or eliminate tumors by damaging their DNA
b) Increase tumor blood supply
c) Stimulate the immune system to fight cancer
d) Replace the function of the affected organ
a) Shrink or eliminate tumors by damaging their DNA
Which of the following delivers cholesterol to cells throughout the body?
a) low-density lipoproteins
b) high-density lipoproteins
c) chylomicrons
d) Very Low-Density Lipoprotein
a) low-density lipoproteins
The Glycemic Index (GI) measures:
a) The amount of insulin a person needs
b) The number of carbohydrates in a food
c) How quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood sugar
d) The calorie content of a meal
c) How quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood sugar
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most dangerous in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
a) Hypocalcemia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hypoglycemia
b) Hyperkalemia
The most common cause of hepatitis C is:
a) Alcohol consumption
b) Hepatitis B virus infection
c) Injection drug use and blood transfusion
d) Poor diet and obesity
c) Injection drug use and blood transfusion
Hepatitis: inflammation of liver
Which cells produce antibodies?
a) T-Cells
b) A-Cells
c) B-Cells
d) C-Cells
c) B-Cells
Which of the following conditions is associated with insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to a blockage in a major artery?
a) Myocardial infarction (MI)
b) Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
c) Angina pectoris
d) Pulmonary embolism
c) Angina pectoris